Abstract:
Enhanced optical probe structures and associated methods comprise improvements to spring structures, wherein optical signals can be transmitted through the resultant substrate by fabricating openings of sufficient size through the substrate through which the optical signals can be transmitted. The holes may be unfilled or filled with optically conducting materials including but not limited to polymers, glasses, air, vacuum, etc. Lenses, diffraction gratings and other optical elements, e.g. refractive or diffractive, can be integrated to improve the coupling efficiency or provide frequency discrimination as desired. Enhanced spring structures and associated methods are also used in conjunction with the enhanced optical probe architectures, such as for processing, testing, and/or packaging of semiconductor ICs and image sensors.
Abstract:
Devices and methods are disclosed comprising providing a sample holder (41) having a plurality of sample wells (44). Inner (46) and outer (48) surfaces of at least one well are configured for total internal reflection of incident light (i).
Abstract:
Apparatus, methods, and compositions of matter for improving signal resolution in optical spectroscopy assays. The apparatus may include components for detecting light emitted by an analyte in a composition. These components may include (1) a stage for supporting the composition, (2) a light source and a first optical relay structure that directs light from the light source toward the composition, so that the analyte may be induced to emit light, (3) a detector and a second optical relay structure that directs light from the composition toward the detector, so that the light may be detected and converted to a signal, and (4) a processor for analyzing the signal. The processor may be used to discriminate between a first portion of the signal that is attributable to the light emitted by the analyte and a second portion of the signal that is attributable to a non-analyte emitter. The non-analyte emitter may include background, and/or the non-analyte emitter may include a reference compound for correcting scattering and absorption, among others.
Abstract:
A high-throughput light detection instrument and method are described. In some embodiments, switch mechanisms (108, 136) and optical relay structures permit different light sources (103a-d) and/or detectors (145a-d) to be selected for different applications. In other embodiments, switch mechanisms (108, 136) and optical paths permit top/bottom illumination and/or top/bottom detection, or combinations thereof.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for detecting polynucleotide hybridization in luminescence-based assays. The methods may include (1) contacting a sample polynucleotide with a reference polynucleotide at an assay site, where at least one of the polynucleotides is capable of emitting luminescence, (2) illuminating the assay site with light capable of stimulating such luminescence, (3) detecting light transmitted from the assay site, and (4) deriving information relating to the extent of hybridization between the sample and reference polynucleotides based on the detected light. The methods may further include (1) illuminating with and/or detecting polarized light, (2) deriving information relating to the sequence of the sample polynucleotide from the extent of hybridization, and (3) converting the light to a signal and distinguishing between a portion of the signal attributable to luminescence and a portion attributable to background.
Abstract:
Devices (400) and methods for containing and analyzing small volumes (416) that are sandwiched between solid surfaces. The devices (400) may include an automated drive mechanism (424) that controls the relative positions of the surfaces and an environmental-control mechanism (411) that controls the humidity, temperature, and/or other environmental conditions around the small sample volume. In some embodiments, at least one of the surfaces has a light-transmissive window for allowing optical analysis of a sample contained between the surfaces.
Abstract:
Apparatus and method for measuring light transmitted from a sample. The apparatus may include a stage (123), a light source (103), and a detector (145). The stage (123) may be configured to hold a microplate (124) having a plurality of sample wells (126). The apparatus may be configured to take frequency-domain time-resolved measurements of one or more of luminescence lifetimes and reorientational correlation times of a luminescent analyte in the sample.
Abstract:
An apparatus (90) for measuring polarized light emitted from a composition that includes a stage configured to hold a microplate (124) having an array of sample wells (126), a continuous high color temperature light source (100), and a detector (144). An excitation optical relay structure directs light from the light source (100) through an excitation polarizer (114) toward a composition in one of the sample wells (126). An emission optical relay structure directs light emitted from the composition through an emission polarizer (132) toward the detector (144).
Abstract:
Enhanced optical probe structures and associated methods comprise improvements to spring structures, wherein optical signals can be transmitted through the resultant substrate by fabricating openings of sufficient size through the substrate through which the optical signals can be transmitted. The holes may be unfilled or filled with optically conducting materials including but not limited to polymers, glasses, air, vacuum, etc. Lenses, diffraction gratings and other optical elements, e.g. refractive or diffractive, can be integrated to improve the coupling efficiency or provide frequency discrimination as desired. Enhanced spring structures and associated methods are also used in conjunction with the enhanced optical probe architectures, such as for processing, testing, and/or packaging of semiconductor ICs and image sensors.