Abstract:
An ultra-low volume fraction collection and concentration method provides practical application in collecting fractions, e.g. as low as 25 nL, from nanoLC columns into pipette tips at user-defined timed-intervals. The fractions are dried to create a concentrated band at the very end of the interior of the pipette tip and subsequently reconstituted directly in the pipette tips in solvent prior to analysis. As the chromatography and reconstitution solvent choice are independent, the reconstitution solvent can be selected to maximize ionization efficiency without compromising chromatography separation, hi the infusion analysis of the nanoLC fractions, a low flow electrospray chip enables each nanoLC fraction to be analyzed for over ten minutes. This increase in analysis time allows for advantages over prior methods. Optionally, the nanoLC fractions can be archived in the pipette tips for analysis at a later date.
Abstract:
A method of preventing analyte electrolysis in use with electrospray ionization, electrophoresis, electro osmosis, electrodialysis and any apparatuses involving contact of liquids and electrodes is disclosed. The method for preventing analyte alteration by electrolysis reactions at electrode surfaces of an electrochemical system and in an electrochemical process includes coating the electrode surface using electrically insulating material including but not limited to polymers, plastics, and organic compounds by coating methods including but not limited to liquid spraying, spinning, molding, Sol Gel, dipping, physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition at various ambient and substrate temperatures.
Abstract:
A dielectric film is provided which includes a base layer and a capping layer, preferably silicon oxynitride, wherein the film is an effective moisture and ion barrier when disposed between a conductive substrate and a liquid having an electrical potential different than the electrical potential of the substrate.