Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a charged particle beam apparatus configured to project charged particle beams towards a sample. The charged particle beam apparatus comprises: a plurality of charged particle-optical columns configured to project respective charged particle beams towards the sample, wherein each charged particle-optical column comprises: a charged particle source configured to emit the charged particle beam towards the sample, the charged particle sources being comprised in a source array; an objective lens comprising an electrostatic electrode configured to direct the charged particle beam towards the sample; and a detector associated with the objective lens array, configured to detect signal charged particles emitted from the sample. The objective lens is the most down-beam element of the charged particle-optical column configured to affect the charged particle beam directed towards the sample.
Abstract:
An optical encoder system (200) comprises a radiation source (20), an encoder head (22), a scale (24) and an optical fiber (26). The radiation source is arranged to generate a radiation beam (28). The encoder head has a splitting element for splitting the radiation beam into split radiation beams (210a, 210b). The scale is arranged to receive at least one of the split radiation beams. The optical fiber is arranged to propagate the radiation beam at least partly between the radiation source and the splitting element. The optical fiber is a single-polarization fiber.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a charged particle beam apparatus configured to project charged particle beams towards a sample. The charged particle beam apparatus comprises: a plurality of charged particle-optical columns configured to project respective charged particle beams towards the sample, wherein each charged particle-optical column comprises: a charged particle source configured to emit the charged particle beam towards the sample, the charged particle sources being comprised in a source array; an objective lens comprising an electrostatic electrode configured to direct the charged particle beam towards the sample; and a detector associated with the objective lens array, configured to detect signal charged particles emitted from the sample. The objective lens is the most down-beam element of the charged particle-optical column configured to affect the charged particle beam directed towards the sample.