Abstract:
A process and device for producing finely divided liquid-liquid formulations comprise (a) a screen with at least one inlet nozzle and a screen with at least one outlet nozzle, a static mixer being located in the space between the screens, into which additional energy is mechanically introduced, if necessary, or (b) a screen with at least one inlet nozzle and a baffle plate, a static mixer being located, if necessary, in the space between the screen and the baffle plate, and/or energy being mechanically introduced therein.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for purifying 1,4-butynediol, which comprises compressing 1,4-butynediol to from 50 to 1500 bar, depressurizing it, waiting for phase separation to occur after depressurization and separating off the bottom phase, and a process for the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to 1,4-butenediol and 1,4-butanediol using the purified 1,4-butynediol.
Abstract:
Process for producing finely divided liquid-liquid formulations and apparatus for producing the same, comprising a) a baffle having at least one inlet nozzle and a baffle having at least one outlet nozzle, the nozzles being arranged axially with respect to one another, a static mixer being located in the space between the baffles, and there being, additionally, if appropriate, mechanical introduction of energy, or b) a baffle having at least one inlet nozzle and an impingement plate, there being, if appropriate, in the space between the baffle and the impingement plate a static mixer and/or mechanical introduction of energy.
Abstract:
Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenic unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion). Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenically unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion), where the mini-emulsion is prepared by a raw emulsion with an average diameter of >= 2 mu m, containing at least partial quantity of water, dispersing additives, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, optionally a water soluble organic solvent, and passed through a micro-porous membrane with an average pore diameter of = 1000 nm.
Abstract:
Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenic unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion). Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenically unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion), where the mini-emulsion is prepared by a raw emulsion with an average diameter of >= 2 mu m, containing at least partial quantity of water, dispersing additives, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, optionally a water soluble organic solvent, and passed through a micro-porous membrane with an average pore diameter of = 1000 nm.
Abstract:
Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenic unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion). Preparation of an aqueous polymer dispersion comprises radically initiated polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of dispersing additives, optionally a water soluble organic solvent in an aqueous medium, where at least a partial quantity of ethylenically unsaturated monomer and an aqueous soluble organic solvent exists with an average droplet diameter of = 1000 nm (mini-emulsion), where the mini-emulsion is prepared by a raw emulsion with an average diameter of >= 2 mu m, containing at least partial quantity of water, dispersing additives, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, optionally a water soluble organic solvent, and passed through a micro-porous membrane with an average pore diameter of = 1000 nm.
Abstract:
Process for producing finely divided liquid-liquid formulations and apparatus for producing the same, comprising a) a baffle having at least one inlet nozzle and a baffle having at least one outlet nozzle, the nozzles being arranged axially with respect to one another, a static mixer being located in the space between the baffles, and there being, additionally, if appropriate, mechanical introduction of energy, or b) a baffle having at least one inlet nozzle and an impingement plate, there being, if appropriate, in the space between the baffle and the impingement plate a static mixer and/or mechanical introduction of energy.
Abstract:
Evaluation of emulsifiers comprises preparing at least two crude emulsions in which the dispersed phase contains different tracers, mixing together equal parts of the emulsions, finely emulsifying the mixture, and determining to proportion of coalesced dispersed-phase droplets by measuring the area occupied by droplets containing at least two tracers as a percentage of the total area occupied by the sample. Independent claims are also included for: (1) use of a continuous high-pressure homogenizer in which the whole emulsion is forced through a perforated diaphragm under constant pressure to perform the emulsification in the above method; (2) use of reactive dyes, direct dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes, naphthols, developer dyes, disperse dyes, metal complex dyes, acid dyes, chrome dyes, cationic dyes or pigments, fluorescent dyes or fluorescence-generating donor-acceptor pairs as tracers in the above method; (3) use of emulsifiers selected from oleic acid ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, castor oil ethyoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, C13 Oxo alcohol ethoxylates and sodium fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates in the above method; (4) use of emulsifiers together with coemulsifiers in the above method; (5) use of active ingredients and/or additives in the aqueous phase and/or oil phase of the emulsion in the above method; (6) use of a microscope slide allowing preparation of emulsion films with a defined thickness of 10-50 mum for microscopic determination of the area percent of tracer-containing droplets in the above method.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para el vulcanizado de caucho o látex mediante adición de una mezcla M que contiene un componente a) constituido por a1) un 20 a un 96% en peso de azufre, a2) un 4 a un 80% en peso de un complejante, y en caso dado otros aditivos b) al caucho o látex, y subsiguiente puesta en práctica del vulcanizado, caracterizado porque el tamaño medio de partícula del componente a) se sitúa en el intervalo de 0,05 a 20 µm.