Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simply prepare the subject polymorph, having a desired particle size and a desired particle size distribution and useful as a pigment for coloring coating materials, etc., by reductively cyclizing phthalonitrile in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol, a redox catalyst, an inorganic base and a specific phthalocyanine derivative. SOLUTION: Phthalonitrile is reductively cyclized in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol, a redox catalyst, an inorganic base and a phthalocyanine derivative (phthalocyanine-sulfonic acid, phthalocyanine-carboxylic acid, an aminomethylated phthalocyanine, a halogenated phthalocyanine, etc.). Thereby, the subject phthalocyanine directly usable as a pigment for coloring printing inks, coating materials and plastics is obtained without passing the phthalonitrile through finishing steps (grinding and/or solvent treatment).
Abstract:
Solid pigment preparations containing the following ingredients as substantial components: (A) 60 - 85 wt. % of at least one organic pigment, (B) 0.1 - 15 wt. % of at least one pigment derivative of general formula I wherein the variables have the following meanings: P is the radical of the parent substance of an organic pigment; T , T independently represent a chemical bond, -CONR - or -SO2NR -; B , B independently represent a chemical bond, C1-C8-alkylene or phenylene;X, Y independently represent similar or different groups -SO3- Ka or -COO- Ka ; m, n represent a rational number from 0 to 3, whereby 1 = m+n = 4; Ka H , Li , Na , K , N R R R R or a mixture of said cations; R represents hydrogen; C1-C4-alkyl; phenyl or naphthyl which can be respectively substituted by C1-C18-alkyl; R , R , R , R independently represent hydrogen; C1-C30-alkyl; C3-C30-alkenyl; C5-C6-cycloalkyl which can be substituted by C1-C24-alkyl; phenyl or naphthyl which can be respectively substituted by C1-C24-alkyl or C2-C24-alkenyl; a radical of formula -[CHR -CHR -O]x-R , wherein the repeating units -[CHR -CHR -O] for x > 1 can vary; R , R , R independently represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl; x is a whole number = 1,and (C) 14.9 39.9 wt. % of at least one surface active additive from the group of non-ionic polyethers containing no primary amino groups, the acidic phosphoric acid esters,phosphonic acid esters, sulphuric acid esters and/or sulfonic acid esters thereof, the salts thereof and the condensation produces thereof with formaldehyde.
Abstract:
The invention relates to aqueous liquid formulations containing 5 to 30 percent by weight of a dye composition that comprises 25 to 85 percent by weight of direct brown 44, 15 to 75 percent by weight of direct yellow 11 and/or a dye obtained by reducing or thermally treating direct yellow 11, 0 to 15 percent by weight of one or several direct blue dyes, and 0 to 10 percent by weight of one or several direct red dyes, the percentages being relative to the dye composition, 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of one or several alkylamines, the one, two, or three alkyl radicals of which can be substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups and/or amino groups and/or be interrupted by one or two oxygen atoms having an ether function, said percentages being in relation to the total weight of the aqueous liquid formulation, the Na concentration of the liquid formulation not exceeding 0.3 percent by weight. Also disclosed is the use of the inventive aqueous liquid formulations for dyeing cellulose material, especially paper.
Abstract:
Disclosed are solid pigment preparations containing (A) 60 to 95 per weight of at least one pigment, (B) 5 to 40 percent by weight of at least one water-soluble anionic surface-active additive from the group of the homopolymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and/or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids which can additionally contain monopolymerized vinyl monomers having no acid function, the alkoxylation products of said homopolymers and copolymers, and the salts of said homopolymers and copolymers and the alkoxylation products thereof, and (C) 0 to 20 percent by weight of at least one nonionic surface-active polyether-based additive as essential components. Also disclosed are a method for the production thereof and methods for dyeing macromolecular organic and inorganic materials.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for carrying out a solid-liquid reaction, according to which a) a reaction suspension is prepared, containing a first reactant which is suspended in a suspension medium and a second reactant which is dissolved in the same, one of the reaction products being insoluble in the suspension medium, b) the reaction suspension is guided through a longish reaction zone, the Reynolds number of the flow being less than 20,000, and c) the insoluble reaction product formed is separated. The method is advantageous in that the insoluble reaction product is obtained in a form which is easy to filter.
Abstract:
Solid pigment preparations containing the following ingredients as substantial components: (A) 60-85 wt. % of at least one organic pigment, (B) 0.1-15 wt. % of at least one pigment derivative of general formula I wherein the variables have the following meanings: P is the radical of the parent substance of an organic pigment; T 1 , T 2 independently represent a chemical bond, -CONR 1 - or -SO 2 NR 1 -; B 1 , B 2 independently represent a chemical bond, C1-C8-alkylene or phenylene;X, Y independently represent similar or different groups -SO 3 - Ka + or -COO- Ka + ; m, n represent a rational number from 0 to 3, whereby 1=m+n=4; Ka + H + , Li + , Na + , K + , N + R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 or a mixture of said cations; R 1 represents hydrogen; C 1 -C 4 -alkyl; phenyl or naphthyl which can be respectively substituted by C 1 -C 18 -alkyl; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 independently represent hydrogen; C 1 -C 30 -alkyl; C 3 -C 30 -alkenyl; C 5 -C 6 -cycloalkyl which can be substituted by C 1 -C 24 -alkyl; phenyl or naphthyl which can be respectively substituted by C 1 -C 24 -alkyl or C 2 -C 24 -alkenyl; a radical of formula -[CHR 6 -CHR 7 -O]x-R 8 , wherein the repeating units -[CHR 6 -CHR 7 -O] for x> 1 can vary; R 6 , R 7 , R 8 independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; x is a whole number= 1 , and (C) 14.9 39.9 wt. % of at least one surface active additive from the group of non-ionic polyethers containing no primary amino groups, the acidic phosphoric acid esters,phosphonic acid esters, sulphuric acid esters and/or sulfonic acid esters thereof, the salts thereof and the condensation produces thereof with formaldehyde.
Abstract:
A process is described for preparing ammonium salts of aromatic carboxylic acids by reacting an aromatic carboxylic acid with ammonia in an aprotic solvent, which comprises carrying out the reaction in a closed vessel by continuously introducing a solution of the aromatic carboxylic acid in the aprotic solvent and passing in gaseous ammonia so that an ammonia partial pressure in the range from 0.1 to 3 bar is maintained in the gas space of the vessel, and discharging a suspension of the ammonium salt in the aprotic solvent. The process allows the preparation of ammonium salts of defined crystal size having a narrow size distribution.
Abstract:
A process for carrying out a liquid/solid reaction comprises a) preparing a reaction suspension in which a first reactant is present in suspended form and a second reactant is present in dissolved form in a suspension medium, where one of the reaction products is insoluble in the suspension medium, b) passing the reaction suspension through an elongated reaction zone so that the Reynolds number of the stream is less than 20,000 and c) separating off the insoluble reaction product formed. The process has the advantage that the insoluble reaction product is obtained in a readily filterable form.
Abstract:
A process for carrying out a liquid/solid reaction comprises a) preparing a reaction suspension in which a first reactant is present in suspended form and a second reactant is present in dissolved form in a suspension medium, where one of the reaction products is insoluble in the suspension medium, b) passing the reaction suspension through an elongated reaction zone so that the Reynolds number of the stream is less than 20,000 and c) separating off the insoluble reaction product formed. The process has the advantage that the insoluble reaction product is obtained in a readily filterable form.
Abstract:
A process for carrying out a liquid/solid reaction comprises a) preparing a reaction suspension in which a first reactant is present in suspended form and a second reactant is present in dissolved form in a suspension medium, where one of the reaction products is insoluble in the suspension medium, b) passing the reaction suspension through an elongated reaction zone so that the Reynolds number of the stream is less than 20,000 and c) separating off the insoluble reaction product formed. The process has the advantage that the insoluble reaction product is obtained in a readily filterable form.