Abstract:
A process for the production in powdered form of a polymer containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride groups in which the monomers are polymerized with agitation in the presence of an auxiliary liquid in such a way that the surface of the mixture is increased by a multiple with respect to the stagnant mixture and then the auxiliary liquid is distilled off. The powdered polymer is particularly suitable as a surface sizing agent for paper.
Abstract:
Blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments are produced by a process wherein complex iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II (Berlin white) is prepared by electrolysis of an aqueous catholyte solution containing (a) an iron-II salt, (b) an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt or a mixture of these, and (c) hydrogen cyanide, in an electrolysis cell in which the anode chamber and cathode chamber are separated by an ion exchange membrane, using an electrically conductive aqueous liquid in the anode chamber, and the iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II obtained is then converted to the blue pigment. The process gives Berlin white, which is substantially free from salt, in high yield and high purity. Pollution caused by the process is very low, since only a small amount of salt is produced. Compared with the corresponding blue pigments produced by prior art processes, the pigments obtained give purer colorations with better gloss, and are of higher color strength.
Abstract:
Metal phthalocyanines are prepared by subjecting an aromatic o-dinitrile to an electrochemical reaction with an anhydrous metal compound in an essentially anhydrous organic solvent in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal amide, while passing in hydrogen. An anode of dissolved-state hydrogen and an inert cathode are used in the electrochemical reaction in the absence of oxygen. The metal phthalocyanines produced are soft-textured pigments which give brilliant, deep dyeings.
Abstract:
Metal phthalocyanines are prepared by subjecting an aromatic o-dinitrile to an electrochemical reaction with an anhydrous metal compound in an essentially anhydrous organic solvent in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal amide, while passing in hydrogen. An anode of dissolved-state hydrogen and an inert cathode are used in the electrochemical reaction in the absence of oxygen. The metal phthalocyanines produced are soft-textured pigments which give brilliant, deep dyeings.
Abstract:
Blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments are produced by a process wherein complex iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II (Berlin white) is prepared by electrolysis of an aqueous catholyte solution containing (a) an iron-II salt, (b) an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt or a mixture of these, and (c) hydrogen cyanide, in an electrolysis cell in which the anode chamber and cathode chamber are separated by an ion exchange membrane, using an electrically conductive aqueous liquid in the anode chamber, and the iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II obtained is then converted to the blue pigment. The process gives Berlin white, which is substantially free from salt, in high yield and high purity. Pollution caused by the process is very low, since only a small amount of salt is produced. Compared with the corresponding blue pigments produced by prior art processes, the pigments obtained give purer colorations with better gloss, and are of higher color strength.
Abstract:
A process for the manufacture of non-dusting dye granules from an aqueous formulation of highly dispersed water-insoluble dyes by spraying the formulation, which contains adhesive compounds, into a fluidized bed of pulverulent dispersing agent, dye or mixture thereof. The resulting granules possess excellent redispersibility, which is important in using them.
Abstract:
A process for the manufacture of non-dusting dye granules from an aqueous formulation of highly dispersed water-insoluble dyes by spraying the formulation, which contains adhesive compounds, into a fluidized bed of pulverulent dispersing agent, dye or mixture thereof. The resulting granules possess excellent redispersibility, which is important in using them.