Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of hydrogenating carbon monoxide. The method comprises providing a catalyst, passing a feed stream of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases through the catalyst and heating the catalyst. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst comprises a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic metal.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process in which a reactant is converted to a product by passing though a reaction chamber containing a catalyst, having a layered structure with, (1) a porous support, (2) a buffer layer, (3) an interfacial layer, and optionally (4) a catalyst layer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods for gas phase reactant catalytic reactions. In particular the present invention relates to a method of hydrocarbon steam reforming, comprising:
passing a reactant stream comprising steam and hydrocarbon into at least one reaction chamber; wherein the reaction chamber has an internal volume having dimensions of chamber height, chamber width and chamber length; wherein the chamber has a length of greater than 1 cm; wherein the chamber height or chamber width is 2 mm or less; wherein the reaction chamber is in thermal contact through a reaction chamber wall with an exothermic reaction chamber; transferring heat from the exothermic reaction chamber to the reaction chamber through the reaction chamber wall at a rate such that heat flux between the reaction chamber and the exothermic reaction chamber is at least 0.6 W per cubic centimeter of the reaction chamber wall; wherein the method is controlled under conditions such that the hydrocarbon has a contact time of less than 300 ms; wherein the reactant stream is converted to a product stream; and wherein at least 70% of the equilibrium conversion of the hydrocarbon entering the reaction chamber is converted to hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for making N-methylpyrrolidine and analogous compounds via hydrogenation. Novel catalysts for this process, and novel conditions/yields are also described. Other process improvements may include extraction and hydrolysis steps. Some preferred reactions take place in the aqueous phase. Starting materials for making N-methylpyrrolidine may include succinic acid, N-methylsuccinimide, and their analogs.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an active microchannel heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of assemblies comprising microchannels, each of said plurality of assemblies comprising an exothermic reaction chamber, an exhaust chamber, and a heat exchanger chamber and a plurality of valves that permit taking at least one of said plurality of assemblies off line for clean up or regeneration while the remaining assemblies or units continue operation.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an active microchannel heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of assemblies comprising microchannels, each of said plurality of assemblies comprising an exothermic reaction chamber, an exhaust chamber, and a heat exchanger chamber and a plurality of valves that permit taking at least one of said plurality of assemblies off line for clean up or regeneration while the remaining assemblies or units continue operation.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of hydrogenating carbon monoxide. The method comprises providing a catalyst, passing a feed stream of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases through the catalyst and heating the catalyst. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst comprises a Fischer-Tropsch catalytic metal.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for making N-methylpyrrolidine and analogous compounds via hydrogenation. Novel catalysts for this process, and novel conditions/yields are also described. Other process improvements may include extraction and hydrolysis steps. Some preferred reactions take place in the aqueous phase. Starting materials for making N-methylpyrrolidine may include succinic acid, N-methylsuccinimide, and their analogs.