Abstract:
A magnetic sensing method comprises irradiating a pump light having a circularly polarized component and a probe light having a linearly polarized component onto a group of atoms contained in a cell so as to make the lights produce an intersection region and detecting a change of rotation angle of a plane of polarization of the probe light before and after passing the cell. The pump light and the probe light are irradiated in a state where a magnetic field of the direction in which the pump light strikes the intersection region is provided with a gradient.
Abstract:
An ink jet recording head comprises a resistive heat generating element (2); and a non-linear type element (1) having MIM type current voltage characteristics that present the resistive value thereof being higher at the time of applying lower voltage than the resistive value at the time of applying higher voltage for driving the resistive heat generating element (2) without depending on polarity. Here, the resistive heat generating element (2) and the non-linear type element (1) are connected in series. For this ink jet recording head, the resistive heat generating element (2) and the non-linear type element (1) are both contributive to the generation of bubbles (61,62) for discharging ink. Hence, in addition to heat generated by the resistive heat generating element (2) for bubbling ink in the ink flow paths (31), the thermal energy generated by the non-linear type element (1), which has been discarded as heat loss conventionally, is utilized so as to prevent the reduction of the efficiency of the ink jet recording head.
Abstract:
An ink jet recording head comprises a resistive heat generating element (2); and a non-linear type element (1) having MIM type current voltage characteristics that present the resistive value thereof being higher at the time of applying lower voltage than the resistive value at the time of applying higher voltage for driving the resistive heat generating element (2) without depending on polarity. Here, the resistive heat generating element (2) and the non-linear type element (1) are connected in series. For this ink jet recording head, the resistive heat generating element (2) and the non-linear type element (1) are both contributive to the generation of bubbles (61,62) for discharging ink. Hence, in addition to heat generated by the resistive heat generating element (2) for bubbling ink in the ink flow paths (31), the thermal energy generated by the non-linear type element (1), which has been discarded as heat loss conventionally, is utilized so as to prevent the reduction of the efficiency of the ink jet recording head.
Abstract:
This invention provides an ink jet recording head for discharging an ink droplet using the thermal energy of heating means. According to the present invention, the heating means is a heating device having the Metal-Insulator-Metal type current-voltage properties in which the resistance value on the application of a low voltage exhibits a value higher than the resistance value on the application of a high voltage, regardless of the polarity.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely form a desired electron emitting part at a low cost by providing a pair of element electrodes formed on a substrate and a conductive film consisting of an electrolytic plating film electrically connected to one of the element electrodes, and setting the space between the conductive film end part and the other element electrode as the electron emitting part. SOLUTION: A mask 6 having a prescribed opening part is formed on element electrodes 2, 3 formed on a substrate, and dipped in an electrolytic solution, and a voltage is applied between the element electrodes 2, 3 to form a conductive film 4. An electron emitting part 5 is formed of the clearance between the conductive film 4 and the element electrode 2. The current carried in a desired clearance forming the electron emitting part 5 is taken as a reference value, and the current detected by an ammeter is compared with the reference value by a control means, and when they conform to each other, a stop signal is transmitted to a voltage applying means to stop the voltage application to the element electrodes 2, 3. The space width is set preferably to 50 nm or less, more preferably to 5 nm or less, and desirably to 2 nm or less.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To provide a surface conductive, electron emitting element which can be applied to printing technique, etc., suitable for mass-production. CONSTITUTION:A laminate film 7 formed by laminating a particulate layer 4 and a conductive thin film layer 6 with an insulating substance layer 5 interposed is provided on an insulative base board 1, and an electron emission part 11 including a crack 10 is formed in the part with laminate film 7. The particulate layer 4 functions as a thin film layer for current feed processing to be made formation of a crack, while the conductive thin film layer 6 functions as a driving layer on which the driving voltage is impressed for emission of electrons, and the resistance values of these thin film layers can be set individually because the two 4, 6 are provided separately. Therefore, the resistance value of the layer 6 can be set smaller than that of the layer 4 having a relatively high resistance to suit formation of a crack, so that it is possible to emit electrons effectively even though the electrode spacing (width of element) is widened, to allow application of a printing technique to formation of electrode.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To complete a forming process in a short time simultaneously relating to a plurality of elements, in a method whereby the forming process of the electron emitting element can be performed without directly applying voltage and allowing a current to directly flow in an element wire. CONSTITUTION:Electrodes 5, 6 and a conductive thin film 2 are formed on an insulating substrate 1, and by locally destructing and deforming or denaturing this conductive thin film, an electron emitting part is formed. An AC electric field and AC magnetic field or electromagnetic wave are applied as an external field to the conductive thin film 2 by an irradiating means 7, to locally destruct and deform or denature this conductive thin film.