Abstract:
In an X-ray generation apparatus (10) of transmission type including an electron emission source (6), and a target (1) generating an X-ray (14) with collision of electrons emitted from the electron emission source against the target, the X-ray generation apparatus further includes a secondary X-ray generation portion (5) generating an X- ray with collision of electrons reflected by the target against the secondary X-ray generation portion, and the secondary X-ray generation portion and the target are arranged such that the X-ray (14) generated with the direct collision of the electrons against the target and the X-ray (15) generated with the collision of the electrons reflected by the target against the secondary X-ray generation portion are both radiated to an outside. X-ray generation efficiency is increased by effectively utilizing the electrons reflected by the target.
Abstract:
An electron-emitting apparatus is constituted by an electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including electron-emitting portions, and an electrode for attracting electrons. An electrically insulated elongated region is formed in the electroconductive film to divide the film into a higher potential side and a lower potential side. The insulated region has a substantially periodical shape formed of portions projecting to the higher potential side and portions projecting to the lower potential side. Continuous electron-emitting portions are present at at least part of the portion projecting to the higher potential side in one period of the insulated region.
Abstract:
An electron-emitting apparatus is constituted by an electron-emitting device having an electroconductive film including electron-emitting portions, and an electrode for attracting electrons. An electrically insulated elongated region is formed in the electroconductive film to divide the film into a higher potential side and a lower potential side. The insulated region has a substantially periodical shape formed of portions projecting to the higher potential side and portions projecting to the lower potential side. Continuous electron-emitting portions are present at at least part of the portion projecting to the higher potential side in one period of the insulated region.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform more accurate pattern matching of writing input by reducing the influence of discrete errors approximately unchangeably to affine transformation. SOLUTION: A pattern which is inputted by writing is sampled at specific intervals to obtain an input coordinate sequence and the pattern represented by this input coordinate sequence is connected by segments, approximated, and made into segments (a). The angles of the respective segments to the horizontal direction are found to generate contact angle distribution data ϕ(s). (b). At this time, the segment length along all the segments is divided by a specific number at equal intervals and a data sequence generated with contact angles obtained at the respective division positions is regarded as angle distribution data ϕ(i) (c). This ϕ(i) is compared with a prepared standard pattern (angle distribution data) to obtain a matching degree (d).
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize inner and outer judgment at higher speed than an inner and outer judging method based on Gauss' theorem by practicing the inner and outer judgment of points existing independent of it to a convex polyhedron constituted by the assembly of faces by only arithmetical operation. SOLUTION: Positive - negative judgment is conducted by calculating a vector v[jV] from a given point P to a vertex jV, and calculating inner product (v[jV],n[iS]) of the v[jV] and a normal n[iS] of a an iS-th face in step S106. If a result is a negative, judgment is made as an outer point, and the inner and outer judgment is finished (step S107). If the result of the inner product is positive in the step S106, the judgment whether the next vertex is present or not is conducted (step S104), if it is present, a vertex (jV+1) is similarly processed from the step S105. Like this, if the inner product (v[jV],n[iS]) to all vertexes on the all faces is positive, judgment is made as an inner point.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance electron emitting efficiency and converge an electron orbit at the same time. SOLUTION: In this electron emitting device, an electron emitting element is generally laminated with a low potential side electrode 2, an insulating layer 3 and a high potential side electrode 4 on a substrate 1 and the high potential side electrode 4 is sandwiched by the low potential side electrode 2 from both sides through the insulating layer 3. On the side surface of the high potential side electrode 4 and the insulating layer 3, conductive films 7A and 7B that are connected to the high potential side electrode 4 and the low potential side electrode 2, respectively, are formed opposedly thereto with a space 6 interposed. An anode electrode is opposedly disposed above the substrate 1. When a voltage Vf is applied between the low potential side electrode 2 and the high potential side electrode 4, a voltage Va is applied between the low potential side electrode 2 and the anode electrode, where the distance between the element and the anode electrode is H; Xs=H*Vf/(π*Va), a width W of the high potential side electrode 4 is 0.5 to 15-fold of Xs, inclusive.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface conductive electron emitting element capable of easily absorbing asymmetric electron beams and easily mass-producing, and provide an image forming device such as a display device, which is an application of the electron emitting device. SOLUTION: A thin film 14 containing an electron emitting part 16 which is a resistor is formed on element electrodes 12, 13 on a substrate 11. Electrons emitted from the electron emitting part 16 by applying driving voltage Vf follows a locus indicated by an arrow. An anode electrode 18 picks up emitted electrons by high voltage Va. Potentials Vg1, Vg2 are applied to grids 1, 2 which position at the distance (h) from the electron emitting part 16. The electron emission and locus are controlled by potentials Vg1, Vg2 and the driving voltage Vf.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve efficiency, defined to be a ratio of the current flowing through a surface conduction electron emission element to the current of electrons migrating to a pull-up electrode by controlling an electric field applied to electrons, emitted in advance into the outside (vacuum) of an element. SOLUTION: This device consists of an electron emission element having a conductive film containing an electron emission part, and an electrode for pulling up electrons. In this case, an electrically insulated long narrow region 6 is formed on the conductive films 4 and 5, so as to divide the conductive films 4 and 5 between a high and low electric potential section. The shape of the insulated region 6 is roughly periodical, as a combination of a part bent toward a high electric potential section with a part bent toward a low electric potential section. The part bent toward a high electric potential section in a period of the insulated region 6 includes the continuous electric emission part in a linearly continuos shape.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electron emission element as an electron beam source capable of realizing a high quality image forming device. SOLUTION: An electron emission element has an conductive film 3 provided with an electron emission part 2 between a cathode side electrode 4 and an anode side electrode 5. It also has a field correcting electrode 7 neighbored to the cathode side electrode 4 or the anode side electrode 5 to give potential, independently from these electrodes. In this way, with the control of the potential of the field correcting electrode 7, the drop of emitted electrons onto the anode side electrode 5 is prevented and the efficiency of electron emission is greatly improved.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To detect the initial process of quenching of a superconductive wire and prevent its further progress by providing a light waveguide in its vicinity along a superconductive wire, and detecting the reflected light and/or transmitted light entering the waveguide, and controlling the quantity of currents made to flow through the superconductive wire or the quantity of refrigerant by this detected light. CONSTITUTION: This is a quench detector which detects and prevents the transition from superconductive condition at normality to always conductive condition or abnormality of a superconductive wire such wire break, etc. And, this is a quench preventive device comprising a superconductive wire, a light waveguide 1, which is to be attached or alreadly attached to its vicinity, a light source 6, which applies light from its one end, light detectors 8 and/or 9. which detect the reflected light 3 and transmitted light 4 generated by the deformation of the light waveguide 1 by the occurrence of abnormality of the superconductive wire, and a controller 13 which controls the quantity of currents applied to the superconductive wire, according to the intensity of the reflected light 3 and/or transmitted light 4, and the cooling efficiency of the superconductive wire, and its quench preventive method.