Abstract:
A reformer system (100, 200) comprises a reformer catalyst capable of reforming a fuel to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and a water gas shift catalyst in fluid communication with the reformer catalyst and in fluid communication with an exhaust gas source comprising water, wherein the water gas shift catalyst is capable of reacting carbon monoxide with the water to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Abstract:
A system for keeping a reservoir solution of urea in a liquid state at normally sub-freezing temperatures comprising a reservoir tank module disposed in a solution storage tank (118). Solution in the storage tank is heated partially by passage of heat through the walls of the reservoir tank module. Additional heat is derived from waste heat in engine exhaust gas and is added to the system by passing a portion of the exhaust gas stream through a gas/liquid heat exchanger (152) disposed within the solution in the storage tank (118). The cooled gas is returned to the exhaust system or is sent to the engine intake manifold for EGR.
Abstract:
A method for controlling temperature of a catalyst (14, 20). The method includes monitoring temperature of the catalyst (14, 20) and determining that the catalyst (14, 20) is outside of a catalyst (14, 20) operating temperature window. If the catalyst (14, 20) temperature is high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected into the catalyst (14, 20). If the catalyst (14, 20) not high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected upstream of the catalyst (14, 20) and ignited.
Abstract:
A solid state sintered material is described that includes a mixed oxide of lanthanum, strontium, cobalt, iron and oxygen, and CaCO 3 inclusions. The solid state sintered material can also include calcium oxide, which can form from thermal composition of calcium carbonate. The solid state sintered material can also include a pore-forming particulate material such as carbon black and/or a doped ceramic metal oxide ionic conductor such as Sm-doped ceria uniformly dispersed in the solid state sintered material. The solid state sintered material can be formed from a two-step process in which a portion of the CaCO 3 is mixed with the mixed oxide materials and heated to form porous agglomerates, and the remaining CaCO 3 is added during the formation of a sintering paste. The solid state sintered material described herein can be used as a cathode material (28) for a solid oxide fuel cell (20).
Abstract:
A method for controlling temperature of a catalyst (14, 20). The method includes monitoring temperature of the catalyst (14, 20) and determining that the catalyst (14, 20) is outside of a catalyst (14, 20) operating temperature window. If the catalyst (14, 20) temperature is high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected into the catalyst (14, 20). If the catalyst (14, 20) not high enough for exothermic reaction to occur, reformate is injected upstream of the catalyst (14, 20) and ignited.
Abstract:
A system for keeping a reservoir solution of urea in a liquid state at normally sub-freezing temperatures comprising a reservoir tank module disposed in a solution storage tank (118). Solution in the storage tank (118) is heated partially by passage of heat through the walls of the reservoir tank module. Additional heat is derived from waste heat in engine exhaust gas and is added to the system either by passing a portion of the exhaust gas stream directly onto or through the solution or by passing air heated by the exhaust gas stream directly onto or through the solution. Alternatively, the hot gas may be impinged onto an outer surface of the storage tank (118).
Abstract:
A vehicle exhaust after treatment system for controlling emissions from an engine (6) includes, in serial order: an exhaust outlet (11) from the engine, an exhaust catalyst assembly (12) that is in fluid communication with the exhaust outlet (11) and includes a first NO x component (12a) coupled with a downstream oxidation catalyst (12b), and a second NO x adsorber (14) that is downstream from and in fluid communication with the oxidation catalyst (12b) of the exhaust catalyst assembly (12).