Abstract:
A process is provided for the formation of aromatic polyesters directly from the reaction of dialkyl ester of an aromatic carboxylic acid with dihydric phenols. The polycondensation is carried out in the presence of (a) a condensing agent; (b) a catalyst selected from the group consisting of derivatives of Group I metals, derivatives of Group IV A metals, derivatives of Group IV B metals, and mixtures thereof; and (c) a co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, alkanoic acid having the formula CnHxFyCOOH, where n is an integer from 1 to 4, x and y are integers from 0 to 2n+1, and the sum of x and y is 2n+1, and mixtures thereof; at suitable temperatures and pressure conditions and for sufficient period of time to form the aromatic polyester.
Abstract translation:提供了直接由芳族羧酸与二元酚的二烷基酯反应形成芳族聚酯的方法。 缩聚在(a)缩合剂存在下进行; (b)选自I族金属的衍生物,IV族金属的衍生物,IVB族金属的衍生物及其混合物的催化剂; 和(c)选自甲磺酸,硫酸,对甲苯磺酸,具有式C n H x F y COOH的链烷酸,其中n为1至4的整数的助催化剂,x和y为0至 2n + 1,x和y的和为2n + 1,以及它们的混合物; 在合适的温度和压力条件下和足够的时间以形成芳族聚酯。
Abstract:
A method for providing a waterborne, inorganic barrier coating to a polyolefin substrate is described. The method involves applying a primer composition containing a vinyl polymer, wherein at least 75 % of the polymer repeat units contain side groups having hydroxyl moieties, to the substrate. This primer coating facilitates the application and binding of the subsequently applied barrier coating composition to the substrate.
Abstract:
A flash softbake process for a diazonaphthoquinone sulfonate ester-novolak positive photoresist is described which offers significant advantages. This process uses a higher than conventional soft-baking (SB) temperature (>/=130 DEG C) and a very short baking time (
Abstract:
The invention consists of a light-absorbing top antireflective layer which reduces the swing curve amplitude for photoresist materials used in the semiconductor industry. The coating may be water based but is not necessarily so. The advantage of a water-based coating is its ease of use, since it can be applied without intermixing to the softbaked photoresist, and is removed in the development step, so that process complexity is only minimally increased. One problem that has been associated with the existing non-absorbing antireflective coatings is that the optimum swing curve reduction is only achieved at a very low refractive index. The advantages of a dyed coating are: a) that the refractive index of the top coat can additionally be lowered by making use of anomalous dispersion effects if the dye is chosen judiciously, and b) that it is possible to achieve the optimum swing curve reduction at a higher refractive index of the top coat. By a combination of these two effects, the present invention demonstrates a reduction of the swing curve close to the theoretical minimum value, which constitutes a substantial improvement over existing antireflective topcoats.
Abstract:
A self-lubricating polymeric composition, characterized as a melt blend of a thermoplastic polymer and a lubricating system containing ultra high molecular weight polyethylenes, a polyester, acid metal salts, calcium salts, antioxidants and stabilizers. The composition may be prepared into shaped articles which exhibit improved surface wear resistance and coefficients of friction.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for producing water insoluble, aqueous alkali soluble novolak resins having consistent molecular weight and a very low level of metal ions, utilizing a solid acid condensation catalyst. A method is also provided for producing photoresist composition having a very low level of metal ions from such novolak resins and for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.
Abstract:
Shoes for use in demanding applications, primarily athletics, are made from a three-dimensional fiber network that is semi-rigid and resilient. The fiber network is made from a textile fabric that has an array of projections made from the same fabric rising from the plane of the fabric.
Abstract:
Polymeric compositions having a high dielectric constant and low loss tangent are made from poly(phenylene sulfide), a ceramic having a high dielectric constant and a low loss tangent, and optionally an added reinforcing filler. The preferred ceramic is strontium titanate. The compositions have a dielectric constant of at least about 4. When mica, alumina, or magnesium titanate is used as an added reinforcing filler, the coefficient of thermal expansion diminishes significantly.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods for producing a photoresist having a very low level of metal ions, utilizing a treated chelating ion exchange resin to make the neutral ammonium salt or acid form. A method is also provided for producing semiconductor devices using such photoresist compositions.
Abstract:
This invention provides novel liquid crystalline polymers which comprise, in the repeat units of their main chains, residues of suitable dichroic dyes. The polymers yield polarizer films with superior polarizing efficiency, transmittance, dichroic ratio, and thermal and humidity stability. The invention further discloses suitable processes to prepare such polymers and polarizer films therefrom.