公开(公告)号：CA2203132C

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：CA2203132

申请日：1995-11-04

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： KUNZMANN SIEGFRIED ,  BANDARA UPALI ,  LEWIS BURN L ,  MOHR KARLHEINZ

IPC: G10L15/183 ,  G10L15/197 ,  G10L9/00 ,  G10L9/18

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for adapting, particularly reducing, the size of a language model, which comprises word n-grams, in a speech recognition system . The invention provides a mechanism to discard those n-grams for which the acoustic part of the system requires less support from the language model to recognize correctly. The proposed method is suitable for identifying those trigrams in a language model for the purpose of discarding during the built-time of the system. Provided is also another automatic classification scheme for words which allows the compression of a language model, but under retention of accuracy. Moreover it allows an efficient usage of sparsely available text corpora because even singleton trigrams are used when they are helpful. No additiona l software tools are needed to be developed because the main tool, the fast match scoring, is a module readily available in the known recognizers themselves. Further improvement of the method is accomplished by classification of words according to the common text in whic h they occur as far as they distinguish from each other acoustically. The invention opens the possibility to make speech recognition available in low-cost personal computers (PC's), even in portable computers like Laptops.

公开(公告)号：DE69517705T2

公开(公告)日：2000-11-23

申请号：DE69517705

申请日：1995-11-04

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： KUNZMANN SIEGFRIED ,  MOHR KARLHEINZ ,  BANDARA UPALI ,  LEWIS L

IPC: G10L15/183 ,  G10L15/197 ,  G10L15/00 ,  G10L15/22 ,  G10L15/28

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/04337 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 25, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 25, 1997 PCT Filed Nov. 4, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO97/17694 PCT Pub. Date May 15, 1997In this speech recognition system, the size of the language model is reduced by discarding those n-grams that the acoustic part of the system can recognize most accurately without support from a language model. The n-grams can be discarded dynamically during the running of the system or during the build or setup-time of the system. Trigrams occurring infrequently in the text corpora are substituted for the discarded n-grams to increase the accuracy of the word recognitions.

公开(公告)号：CA2203132A1

公开(公告)日：1997-05-05

申请号：CA2203132

申请日：1995-11-04

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDARA UPALI ,  KUNZMANN SIEGFRIED ,  LEWIS BURN L ,  MOHR KARLHEINZ

IPC: G10L15/183 ,  G10L15/197 ,  G10L9/00 ,  G10L9/18

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for adapting, particularly reducing, the size of a language model, which comprises word n-grams, in a speech recognition system. The invention provides a mechanism to discard those n-grams for which the acoustic part of the system requires less support from the language model to recognize correctly. The proposed method is suitable for identifying those trigrams in a language model for the purpose of discarding during the built-time of the system. Provided is also another automatic classification scheme for words which allows the compression of a language model, but under retention of accuracy. Moreover it allows an efficient usage of sparsely available text corpora because even singleton trigrams are used when they are helpful. No additional software tools are needed to be developed because the main tool, the fast match scoring, is a module readily available in the known recognizers themselves. Further improvement of the method is accomplished by classification of words according to the common text in which they occur as far as they distinguish from each other acoustically. The invention opens the possibility to make speech recognition available in low-cost personal computers (PC's), even in portable computers like Laptops.

公开(公告)号：CA1242272A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：CA503284

申请日：1986-03-04

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDARA UPALI ,  ELSNER GERHARD ,  HEINRICH VOLKER ,  HINKEL HOLGER ,  LANG ARTUR ,  PRINZ ERWIN ,  STEINER WERNER ,  ZAPKA WERNER

IPC: G11B5/84 ,  G01N3/56 ,  G01N13/00 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G11B5/00 ,  G11B5/012 ,  G11B5/58 ,  G11B17/32 ,  G11B33/10 ,  G11B5/455 ,  G01N17/00 ,  G01N19/00

Abstract: SYSTEM FOR TESTING MAGNETIC HEAD/DISK INTERFACES Method for measuring the properties of a slider/disk interface in a magnetic disk storage apparatus by measuring a triboelectric current flowing between disk and slider. Rotational speed is adjusted between 100 and 500 rpm so as to obtain a frictional contact between disk and slider. The shape of the tribo current curve obtained during the measuring time interval is analyzed. An early maximum of the tribo current amplitude and a subsequent continual decay indicates a good slider/disk interface and a long lifetime.

公开(公告)号：DE69517705D1

公开(公告)日：2000-08-03

申请号：DE69517705

申请日：1995-11-04

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： KUNZMANN SIEGFRIED ,  MOHR KARLHEINZ ,  BANDARA UPALI ,  LEWIS L

IPC: G10L15/183 ,  G10L15/197 ,  G10L15/00 ,  G10L15/22 ,  G10L15/28

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/04337 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 25, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 25, 1997 PCT Filed Nov. 4, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO97/17694 PCT Pub. Date May 15, 1997In this speech recognition system, the size of the language model is reduced by discarding those n-grams that the acoustic part of the system can recognize most accurately without support from a language model. The n-grams can be discarded dynamically during the running of the system or during the build or setup-time of the system. Trigrams occurring infrequently in the text corpora are substituted for the discarded n-grams to increase the accuracy of the word recognitions.

公开(公告)号：CA1251860A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-28

申请号：CA500846

申请日：1986-01-31

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BANDARA UPALI ,  HOMOLA ANDREW M ,  STEINER WERNER ,  TRIPPEL GERHARD

IPC: C09D5/23 ,  C09D163/00 ,  C09D177/00 ,  G11B5/706 ,  G11B5/712 ,  G11B5/845 ,  G11B5/842

Abstract: MAGNETIC RECORD CARRIER AND METHOD OF MAKING IT The magnetic record carrier consists of a substrate and a magnetic coating which comprises a binder and substantially non-aggregated iron particles. The iron particles can have a coating of SiO2, and can be available either as a thin layer covered with the binder, or homogeneously dispersed in the binder. For making the magnetic record carrier, coated or uncoated iron oxide particles are applied onto the substrate and subsequently reduced in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at temperatures between 220 and 350.degree.C. In the production where the iron particles are distributed in the binder, reduction takes place after a dispersion containing the binder, the iron oxide particles and a solvent has been spun onto the substrate and cured. In the production where the iron oxide particles form a thin layer, reduction is effected after the coated iron oxide particles have been applied onto the substrate as a mono-layer. It is only then that a dispersion containing the binder and a solvent is applied and cured.