公开(公告)号：DE3378336D1

公开(公告)日：1988-12-01

申请号：DE3378336

申请日：1983-11-15

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER SINGH ,  DAVID ALLAN PHILLIP ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: C25B11/04 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M8/08

Abstract: Fuel cell catalysts which are efficient, long-lived, and refurbishable in-situ include gold carrying a UPD (underpotential deposited) deposit of another element. UPD Ag, Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, or Tl, Pb, Bi is formed on Au crystallites which are carried on and bonded to the surfaces of substrate carbon particles. The crystallites cause dissociative adsorption of the oxygen molecules so that four electrons are produced per molecule during the reduction reaction which is involved. In an alkaline electrolyte, the catalyst metals such as Pd, lr, Ag, Rh and Ptshow no tendency to poison the counter electrode (counter relative to the other electrode) since each of those metals is a good catalyst for both electrodes. Suitable fuels include methanol (CH 3 OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCOOH).

公开(公告)号：DE3472836D1

公开(公告)日：1988-08-25

申请号：DE3472836

申请日：1984-01-17

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER SINGH ,  DAVID ALLAN PHILLIP ,  GALASCO RAYMOND THOMAS ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/46

Abstract: The concentration of at least one organic additive in a plating bath is determined by providing a polished and preplated cathode, a reference electrode and anode in an electrolytic copper plating bath, passing an electric current from the anode to the cathode; measuring the voltage difference between the cathode and reference electrode; and comparing the difference to values for known concentrations of the at least one organic additive.

公开(公告)号：DE69010271T2

公开(公告)日：1995-02-02

申请号：DE69010271

申请日：1990-04-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER ,  COVERT KATHLEEN LORRAINE ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: C23F1/46

公开(公告)号：DE3586435T2

公开(公告)日：1993-03-18

申请号：DE3586435

申请日：1985-01-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER NMI ,  LEVINE SOLOMON LEON ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: C25D21/14 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/49 ,  G01N27/416

Abstract: A rotating disk electrode system operates at constant speed in a solution whose metal ion concentration is held constant at multiple concentrations within a range of concentration. The current at the working electrode (16) is recorded, while the potential at the working electrode is swept by potential source (20) at a predetermined rate for each of the concentration values. The diffusion limiting current is determined by recorder (24) for each of the concentration values. Then the rotating disk electrode system is operated continuously in a metal plating bath (12) whose metal ion concentration can vary. A voltage applied to the working electrode produces a current at the electrode whose magnitude is compared to the values of the previous calibration to determine the current metal ion concentration. Alternatively, a rotating disk electrode system is operated over a range of speeds in a solution whose ion concentration is held constant over a range of concentration. Current at the working electrode is measured for a given electric potential applied to the working electrode. In this way, a calibration relationship between the current at the electrode and the range of metal ion concentrations is established which can be used with current measured in the plating bath under the same conditions as those that established the calibration curve to predict the concentration of the bath. ;

公开(公告)号：DE69010271D1

公开(公告)日：1994-08-04

申请号：DE69010271

申请日：1990-04-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER ,  COVERT KATHLEEN LORRAINE ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: C23F1/46

公开(公告)号：DE3586435D1

公开(公告)日：1992-09-10

申请号：DE3586435

申请日：1985-01-11

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BINDRA PERMINDER NMI ,  LEVINE SOLOMON LEON ,  LIGHT DAVID NOEL

IPC: C25D21/14 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/49 ,  G01N27/416

Abstract: A rotating disk electrode system operates at constant speed in a solution whose metal ion concentration is held constant at multiple concentrations within a range of concentration. The current at the working electrode (16) is recorded, while the potential at the working electrode is swept by potential source (20) at a predetermined rate for each of the concentration values. The diffusion limiting current is determined by recorder (24) for each of the concentration values. Then the rotating disk electrode system is operated continuously in a metal plating bath (12) whose metal ion concentration can vary. A voltage applied to the working electrode produces a current at the electrode whose magnitude is compared to the values of the previous calibration to determine the current metal ion concentration. Alternatively, a rotating disk electrode system is operated over a range of speeds in a solution whose ion concentration is held constant over a range of concentration. Current at the working electrode is measured for a given electric potential applied to the working electrode. In this way, a calibration relationship between the current at the electrode and the range of metal ion concentrations is established which can be used with current measured in the plating bath under the same conditions as those that established the calibration curve to predict the concentration of the bath. ;