Abstract:
A method is provided for forming a step in a layer of material (16). The method includes forming the layer over a substrate. A cavity (24) is formed in a portion of an upper surface of the layer. The formed cavity is filled with a filler material (26) to provide a substantially planar surface over the substrate. A photoresist layer is formed over the substantially planar surface over the substrate. An aperture (30) is formed in the photoresist layer in registration with the formed cavity. The aperture exposes a portion of the filler material. The exposed portion (32) of the filler material is removed along with a contiguous portion of the layer (16) to form the step in the indentation. The cavity may be either a trench or a via. A 'Trench First' approach and a 'Via First' approach are described.
Abstract:
An interconnection pattern is formed over the surface of a silicon wafer in which both the vias and the trenches of the pattern are filled with copper. The process of filling the vias and trenches involves use of a silicon nitride film as an etch stop and the filling of the vias with an anti-reflection coating.
Abstract:
Damage to interconnect structures including vias and/or device interconnects through insulators having a low modulus of elasticity between materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) by providing bends or jogs in an interconnect which limit the axial length of the interconnect adjacent the via or device contact in accordance with the difference in CTEs. The interconnect thus limits the development of shear forces and serves to relieve them by flexure of the interconnect across portions of the narrow width of the interconnect; preventing concentration of shear forces near the via or device contact. Implementation as a design rule based on limitation of length of a straight segment of an interconnect trace is preferred.