Abstract:
2063834 9117858 PCTABS00008 Fluxing compositions are described containing as fluxing agents compounds of formula (I), where R is an electron withdrawing group. Im one embodiment, R is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, hydroxyl, nitrile, and benzyl. The compound cleans oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilize with little or no need for a cleaning step, or cleaning only with water of formic acid. Very little or no undesired residue remains, such acid fluxing agents can be used mixed with typical solder formulations, such as lead/tin solder pastes, or applied topically to solder, such as solder balls; both techniques permit the assembly of PCBs more easily with high quality bonds, and with little or no residue. Malic acid is a preferred organic acid fluxing agent.
Abstract:
An electrode for a rechargeable electrical energy storage device has a substrate and an electrochemically active material deposited on the substrate. The electrochemically active material provides electron transfer between itself and an electrolyte. The electrochemically active material is a mixed-valence complex containing at least two metal atoms and at least one ligand attached to the metal atoms, and has metal-to-metal bonds where the metals exist in multiple oxidation states such that electron transfer between the metal atoms in the complex or between discrete complexes occurs. A rechargeable electrical energy storage device (20) has two electrodes (28, 36) constructed from a mixed-valence complex (30), and the electrodes are electrically connected by an ion carrying electrolyte (32). The electrodes are also physically separated from each other by a barrier (34) that will pass ions but not electrons.
Abstract:
Fluxing compositions containing compounds that generate acids upon photoinitiation from a light source such as Hg/Xe ultraviolet (UV) light sources are described. The acids clean oxides from the printed circuit boards (PCBs) under assembly and then volatilize with little or no need for a cleaning step, or cleaning only with water. The compounds that release an oxide removing agent, sometimes called a "photoacid" include metal and organic onium salts and furyl compounds bearing a carbonyl group. Such fluxing compositions can be used mixed with typical solder formulations, such as lead/tin solders, or applied topically thereto; both techniques permit the assembly of PCBs more easily and with high quality bonds.
Abstract:
AN ELECTRODE FOR A RECHARGEABLE ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE HAS A SUBSTRATE AND AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL DEPOSITE ON THE SUBSTRATE. THE ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL PROVIDES ELECTRON TRANSFER BETWEEN ITSELF AND AN ELECTROLYTE. THE ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL IS A MIXED-VALENCE COMPLEX CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO METAL ATOMS AND AT LEAST ONE LIGAND ATTACHED TO THE METAL ATOMS, AND HAS METAL-TO-METAL BONDS WHERE EXIST IN MULTIPLE OXIDATION STATES SUCH THAT ELECTRON TRABSFER BETWEEN THE METAL ATOMS IN THE COMPLEX OR BETWEEN DISCRETE COMPLEXES OCCURS. A RECHARGEABLE ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE (20) HAS TWO ELECTRODES (28, 36) CONSTRUCED FROM A MIXED-VALENCE COMPLEX (30), AND THE ELECTRODES ARE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED BY ION CARRYING ELECTROLYTE (32). THE ELECTRODES ARE ALSO SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER BY A HARRIER (34) THAT WILL PASS IONS BUT NOT ELECTRONS. (FIG. 1)