Abstract:
In general, in one aspect, the invention features an apparatus that includes a photonic crystal fiber (200, 900) configured to guide a mode of electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength, .lambda., along a waveguide axis. The fiber includes a core (210) extending along the waveguide axis, and a confinement region (220, 910) extending along the waveguide axis and surrounding the core (210). The confinement region (220, 910) includes alternating layers (211-219, 920-922) of a first and a second dielectric material having thicknesses d1and d2and different refractive indices n1and n 2, respectively. The thickness of at least one of the alternating layers of the first material differs from thickness d1QWor at least one of the alternating layers of the second material differs from thickness d2QW,where d1QWand d2QWcorrespond to a quarter-wave condition for the two dielectric materials given by Formula (I) and Formula (II), respectively. The photonic crystal fiber has an attenuation for the guided mode at the wavelength .lambda. that is reduced by a factor of about two or more relative to an attenuation for a reference fiber that is identical to the photonic crystal fiber except that the reference fiber has alternating layer thicknesses corresponding to the quarter-wave condition.
Abstract:
An optical waveguide including: a dielectric core region extending along a waveguide axis; and a dielectric confinement region surrounding the core about the waveguide axis, the confinement region comprising a photonic crystal structure having a photonic band gap, wherein during operation the confinement region guides EM radiation in at least a first range of frequencies to propagate along the waveguide axis, wherein the core has an average refractive index smaller than about 1.3 for a frequency in the first range of frequencies, and wherein the core a diameter in a range between about 4lambda and 80lambda, wherein lambda is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency in the first frequency range.
Abstract:
In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method that includes exposing a surface to a first gas composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a first chalcogenide glass on the surface, and exposing the layer of the first chalcogenide glass to a second gas composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a second glass on the layer of the first chalcogenide glass, wherein the second glass is different from the first chalcogenide glass.
Abstract:
In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method that includes exposing a surface to a first gas composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a first chalcogenide glass (240) on the surface, and exposing the layer of the first chalcogenide glass (240) to a second glass composition under conditions sufficient to deposit a layer of a second glass (230) on the layer of the first chalcogenide glass, wherein the second glass is different from the first chalcogenide glass.
Abstract:
High index-contrast fiber waveguides, materials for forming high index-contrast fiber waveguides, and applications of high index-contrast fiber waveguides are disclosed.
Abstract:
An optical waveguide (100) including: a dielectric core region (110) extending along a waveguide axis; and a dielectric confinement region (120) surrounding the core (110) about the waveguide axis, the confinement region (120) comprising a photonic crystal structure (122, 124) having a photonic band gap, wherein during operation the confinement region (120) guides EM radiation in at least a first range of frequencies to propagate along the waveguide axis, wherein the core (110) has an average refractive index smaller than about 1.3 for a frequency in the first range of frequencies, and wherein the core (110) has a diameter in a range between about 4μ and 80μ, wherein μ is a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency in the first frequency range.