Abstract:
A method of servicing a wellbore comprising inserting a first tubing member having a flowbore into the wellbore, wherein a manipulatable fracturing tool, or a component thereof, is coupled to the first tubing member and wherein the manipulatable fracturing tool comprises one or more ports configured to alter a flow of fluid through the manipulatable fracturing tool, positioning the manipulatable fracturing tool proximate to a formation zone to be fractured, manipulating the manipulatable fracturing tool to establish fluid communication between the flowbore of the first tubing member and the wellbore, introducing a first component of a composite fluid into the wellbore via the flowbore of the first tubing member, introducing a second component of the composite fluid into the wellbore via an annular space formed by the first tubing member and the wellbore, mixing the first component of the composite fluid with the second component of the composite fluid within the wellbore, and causing a fracture to form or be extended within the formation zone.
Abstract:
Various lamp systems are disclosed which effectively utilize light from an aperture lamp (3). Lamp systems are respectively configured to perform various types of light recapture including etendue recycling, polarization recycling, and/or color recycling. Various novel optical elements are disclosed including an electrodeless light bulb (5) with an integral lens (9), a molded quartz ball lens with an integral flange, a molded quartz CPC with an integral flange, a truncated CPC, and a segmented CPC. Various novel optical systems are disclosed including systems which perform angle selection and/or etendue selection.
Abstract:
A device for use in the control of mechanical forces. The device comprises first and second terminals for connection, in use, to components in a system for controlling mechanical forces and independently moveable (2, 3). Hydraulic means are connected between the terminals and contain a liquid, the hydraulic means configured, in use, to produce upon relative movement of the terminals, a liquid (4) flow along at least two flow paths (5, 15, 90). The liquid flow along a first flow path generates a damping force proportional to the velocity of the liquid flow along the first flow path, and the liquid flow along a second flow path generates an inertial force due to the mass of the liquid, the force being substantially proportional to the acceleration of the liquid flow along the second flow path, such that the damping force is equal to the inertial force and controls the mechanical forces at the terminals.
Abstract:
A high frequency inductively coupled electrodeless lamp includes an excitation coil with an effective electrical length which is less than one half wavelength of a driving frequency applied thereto, preferably much less. The driving frequency may be greater than 100 MHz and is preferably as high as 915 MHz. Preferably, the excitation coil is configured as a non-helical, semi-cylindrical conductive surface having less than one turn, in the general shape of a wedding ring. At high frequencies, the current in the coil forms two loops which are spaced apart and parallel to each other. Configured appropriately, the coil approximates a Helmholtz configuration. The lamp preferably utilizes a bulb encased in a reflective ceramic cup with a pre-formed aperture defined therethrough. The ceramic cup may include structural features to aid in alignment and/or a flanged face to aid in thermal management. The lamp head is preferably an integrated lamp head comprising a metal matrix composite surrounding an insulating ceramic with the excitation integrally formed on the ceramic. A novel solid-state oscillator preferably provides RF power to the lamp. The oscillator is a single active element device capable of providing over 70 watts of power at over 70 % efficiency. Various control circuits may be employed to match the driving frequency of the oscillator to a plurality of tuning states of the lamp.
Abstract:
Particle collector apparatus are used to separate particles from an entrained gas. Typically, flow is effected by means of applying a vacuum at one end, where the vacuum is produced by means of a mechanical, reciprocating piston, type vacuum generator. The present invention provides a particle collector apparatus (10), for use in testing medical devices which emit particulates, such as inhalers, comprising a collection vessel (210) having an inlet (230), for connection with the device to be tested, and an outlet (240), and a first vacuum generating unit (10) connected to the outlet, wherein the first vacuum generating unit is powered by of a first vacuum-forming fluid to produce a first at least partial vacuum thereby inducing a flow of a first sample fluid in a first direction through the collection vessel (210) from the inlet to the outlet, wherein the collection vessel is an impactor or an impinger.
Abstract:
Particle collector apparatus 220 comprising collection vessel 210 having inlet 230, outlet 240, vacuum generating unit 10 connected to outlet 240. Vacuum unit 240 is powered by movement of a first fluid, producing an at least partial vacuum that induces flow of a second fluid in a first direction through vessel 210 from inlet 230 to outlet 240. Vacuum unit 10 may utilise the Coanda effect and the Bernoulli principle to produce vacuum. The first fluid may be compressed air. Collection vessel 210 may be an impactor or impinger. Apparatus 220 may comprise a second vacuum generating unit that induces a second flow of fluid through collection vessel 220 in the opposite direction to the first direction. A method of collecting particles entrained in a second fluid comprises providing the particle collector apparatus 220, providing a source of particles in fluid connection with inlet 230, providing a first fluid, and controlling the flow of the first fluid through vacuum unit 10 to suck particles from the source of particles into collection vessel 210.
Abstract:
Anaesthetic apparatus associated with a scavenging system for collecting expired and/or excess anaesthetic gas, the system including an air break device (26) for safety of operation. So that the scavenging system (12) cannot draw anaesthetic gas directly from the gas supply system, means (34) are provided for producing a jet of gas in the flow passage (24) for scavenged gas, directed in the opposite direction to the flow of scavenged gas, to produce a small positive pressure in the inlet of the scavenging system (12).