Abstract:
Unsaturated aldehydes and acids was prepared by the oxidation of olefins at 200-400≦̸C in the presence of catalyst, K0.1Ni2.5Co4.5Mo12Ox (X = the no. required to satisfy stoichiometry) and a promoter Fe2LZ0.5 (L = Cr, Sb, Ce, Pb, Ge, S Sn), or Mg7.5Fe3Z0.5 (Z = p,w). Using Fe2CrW0.5 as the promoter at 350≦̸C, conversion yield of acrolein and acrylic acid was 80.4 % and 77 %, resp.
Abstract:
Prepn. of ethers (I) comprises liquid phase reaction of a tert. olefin of formula RCH=CR'2 (II) (R = H or alkyl, R' = alkyl) with methanol in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst (III) free from heteropolyacid. (III) has formula HnAaDcOy.xH2O (A is P, B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, U, Mn, Re, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Ce, Th and/or Cr. D is Mo, W and/or V. a = 0.1-10, c = 6-18. n = 1 and is the no. of acidic H atoms in the catalyst. y = 10-70 and x = 0-40). Pref. A is P, Si or Ge, specifically (III) is H4SiMo12O40. - xH2O. Process avoids the corrosion problems associated with strong acid catalysts and minimises the amt. of by-product CH3OCH3 formed. In an example reaction of isobutylene and methanol over the specified catalyst at mole ratio 1:4 gave 81.5% isobutylene conversion and 100% selectivity for methyl tert. butyl ether.
Abstract:
Promoted phosphate catalysts have been found to be effective for the vapor phase condensation of saturated monocarboxylic acids or esters with formaldehyde, to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters.