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公开(公告)号：US3840438A
公开(公告)日：1974-10-08
申请号：US24255672
申请日：1972-04-10
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
IPC: G01N27/416 , G01N33/483 , G01N35/08 , G01N27/46
CPC classification number: G01N35/08
Abstract: 1. A METHOD OF POTENTIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A SERIES OF LIQUID SAMPLES FOR A CONSTITUENT OF INTEREST UTILIZING A REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND A SENSING ELECTRODE HAVING AN ION-SELECTIVE SURFACE PORTION, SAID REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND SAID ION-SELECTION SURFACE PORTION OF SAID SENSING ELECTRODE DEFINING, IN PART, A FLOW-THRU CONDUIT, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: FLOWING THE LIQUID SAMPLES SEQUENTIALLY IN A STREAM ALONG SAID CONDUIT; INTRODUCING GAS TO SEGMENT THE STREAM OF SAMPLE TO FORM GAS SEGMENTS INTERMEDIATE EACH SAMPLE AND ITS NEIGHBORING SAMPLES SO THAT EACH SAMPLE COMPRISES A LIQUID SEGMENT; PASSING SAID FLOWING STREAM ALONG SAID CONDUIT TO CONTACT SAID REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND SAID ION-SELECTIVE SURFACE PORTION OF SAID SENSING ELECTRODE WITH SAID SAMPLE LIQUID AND GAS SEGMENTS IN SAID FLOWING STREAM; LOCATING SAID ELECTRODES WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER SUCH THAT EACH SAMPLE LIQUID SEGMENT IN SAID STREAM BRIDGES SAID REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND SAID ION-SELECTIVE SURFACE PORTION OF SAID SENSING ELECTRODE; AND MEASURING THE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ACROSS SAID ELECTRODES FOR ANALYSIS OF SAID LIQUID SAMPLE SEGMENTS.
D R A W I N G-
公开(公告)号：SE348288B
公开(公告)日：1972-08-28
申请号：SE252467
申请日：1967-02-23
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M
Abstract: 1,183,632. Analysing body fluids. TECHNICON CORP. 8 Feb., 1967, No. 5920/67. Heading B1X. A process for the analysis of a plurality of sample liquids, for example body fluids, from sample containers 300 comprises transmitting the samples through take-off tube 303 as a flowing stream of successive samples, dividing the stream in tubes 306 of proportioning pump 304 into a plurality of quotient streams, analysing each quotient stream at a respective analysis means 314a-314g and obtaining a plurality of signals each responsive to a single characteristic of the respective streams, recording by means of primary recorder 320 a portion of each of the signals and also indicating on monitoring recorder or meter 326 an additional overlapping portion of at least one of the signals. The flow times of each quotient stream may be adjusted using phasers 330 (Specification 1183631) so that primary recorder 320 records the peak portion of each signal in turn, while monitoring recorder 326 may record the whole of each signal. Each time the primary recorder switches in or out there is produced a step in the monitoring signal. The analysis may include dialysis (at 308), gas separation (at 310), determination of albumin using HABA (2-(4'-hydroxyazobenzene) benzoic acid) reagent, total protein using biuret, glucose using orcinol, and urea nitrogen using diacetyl monoxime and ferric alum, and determination of chlorides and CO 2 , all colorimetrically, and determination of sodium and potassium by flame photometry.
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公开(公告)号：SE305761B
公开(公告)日：1968-11-04
申请号：SE735663
申请日：1963-07-02
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M
Abstract: 1,051,885. Optical density measurement; recording apparatus. TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION. June 20, 1963 [July 5, 1962], No. 24540/63. Headings G1A and G1J. The invention relates to a recording device for recording in digital form the peak value or values of an input signal. As described the input signal is obtained from a photo-cell 24 giving an output related to the transmissivity of a liquid flowing in tube 28. The liquid may consist of a succession of samples to which a stream of reagent has been added, thus as each sample passes the inspection point the optical density is sensed as increasing to a maximum and then falling away. In the system shown the output of cell 24 is compared with that of cell 26 receiving a reference beam in a self-balancing bridge arrangement using the out of balance signal to cause motor 36 to drive potentiometer 14 to a balance point and at the same time control stylus 56 of chart recorder 58. Motor 36 also drives the slider of potentiometer 66 which is connected in a bridge circuit with potentiometer 70. Any lack of balance in this second circuit is corrected by motor 268 which drives the slider on potentio - meter 70 to the null position. At the same time digital counter 288 is driven forwards or backwards as the case may be to give an indication of the measured optical density. Associated with the second balancing arrangement are plug-in units, 75 and associated with TS2, which programme the circuit for a particular test, modifying the law relating the intensity of the light received by the photo-cell and the displayed count as required. Mounted on the shaft 282 of counter 288 is a friction grip collar 284 carrying arm 322. Whilst the count is increasing the arm is held hard against stop 324; when the counter is first driven in the opposite direction it moves across to stop 326 influencing magnetic switch 328 as it passes. Operation of magnetic switch 328 is used to initiate the operation of relay 470 energizing a print-out motor causing a record to be made of the count registered and also the test number if this is available as at 293. The print-out operation may also cause an indication to be made on the chart of continuous recorder 58 so that the moment of printing is known. A plurality of cams 338, 340, 342 on a common shaft are provided in the peak value sensing device the choice of the circuit through a microswitch controlled by one of which determines the number of tests made per hour. Provision is made for switching out the photo-electric cells and performing a calibrating and standardising operation.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：SE321812B
公开(公告)日：1970-03-16
申请号：SE1414865
申请日：1965-11-02
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M
Abstract: 1,114,552. Recording-apparatus. TECHNICON CORPORATION. Oct. 19, 1965 [Nov. 2, 1964], No. 44137/65. Heading G1J. In a liquid sample analysis apparatus 24 with four optical benches measuring simultaneously the optical density of and hence the concentration of a substance in four portions of a sample by means of four null-balance bridges, including potentiometers 56 swept by sliding taps 54 to produce output potentials recorded by pens 52 in a recorder 26, capacitors 76 are coupled to the taps 54 to store potentials corresponding to the peaks of the output signals and the capacitors 76 are sequentially coupled through a digital voltmeter 114 to a printer and punch 118 to record the values of the peaks in digital form. A programmer 134 with seven cams and follower switches controls (1) drive mechanism 41 for advancing sample containers 16 to an off-take station 20 (2) aspiration of the sample from container 16 to apparatus 24 (3) positioning of the optical benches to measure the first four portions of the sample (4) read-out mechanism 42 to read the identification number on a card 18 on the container 16 from which was taken the sample whose analysis is approaching completion, and pulsing of the punch 118 to record the identity number and advance a stepping switch 86 to its second level (5) pulsing of the punch 118 to record sequentially the peaks then stored in the capacitors 76, and positioning of the optical benches to measure the next four portions (6) discharge of the capacitors 76, punching to record the remaining four peaks of the first sample (7) ejection of the punched card, feed of a new card for the next sample and resetting of the printer.
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公开(公告)号：SE314228B
公开(公告)日：1969-09-01
申请号：SE1111565
申请日：1965-08-25
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M
Abstract: 1,088,239. Optical apparatus. TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION. July 19, 1965 [Aug. 28, 1964], No. 30524/65. Heading G2J. A flow cell for measuring the light transmission characteristic of a liquid comprises a tubular conduit 84, Fig. 2, for the liquid, a pair of light guides 70, 72, for transmitting light into, and receiving it from, the liquid, and means for varying the optical path length in the liquid between the light guides. As shown the light guides 70, 72, are in the form of bundles of optical fibres, each bundle being mounted in a diametrical hole 96, 106, of a disc 100, 108 so that by pivoting the discs the optical path length between the light guides 70, 72, may be varied, the conduit 84 being surrounded by an outer tube 86 having a highly reflective inner surface. The blocks 88, 92, in which the discs 100, 108, are mounted are slidable along the conduit 84. In a modification, Fig. 5, the light guides 528, 530, are fixed in blocks 510, 514, which are slidable on conduit 522, are urged towards each other by springs 532, and spaced apart by block 512, the blocks 510, 512, 514 all having reflective inner surfaces. The cell may be used in an arrangement for analyzing samples contained in a series of cups (12), Fig. 1 (not shown) on a carrier (10) in which a proportioning pump (22) extracts in turn each sample together with a reagent liquid contained in a well (20) passing them to a mixing coil (52) and then to the flow cell (60), each sample being separated from the adjacent ones by an air bubble.
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公开(公告)号：SE351044B
公开(公告)日：1972-11-13
申请号：SE456868
申请日：1968-04-04
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M
Abstract: 1,223,631. Cathode-ray tube displays. TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORP. 15 March, 1968 [4 April, 1967], No. 12617/68. Heading H4T. [Also in Division G1] In a monitor system for automatic analysis apparatus (see Division B1) signals from photodetectors 126À1 to 126À12 are sequentially coupled by commutator 130 to the input 138-1 of amplifier 138, commutator 132 adds to each a different bias voltage, and the resulting signals are fed to input terminal 140-1 of vertical deflection amplifier 140, the output of which is fed to the vertical deflection means of cathode-ray tube 142. Horizontal deflection amplifier 148 coupled to the horizontal deflection means of the cathode-ray tube may include a time base generator fed with pulses from the switch driver used to couple the photodetectors to the monitor.
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公开(公告)号：SE340190B
公开(公告)日：1971-11-08
申请号：SE1039467
申请日：1967-07-07
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： PELAVIN M , NEGERSMITH K , WESCHLER W
IPC: G01N33/49 , A61B5/155 , G01N33/483 , G01N35/08 , G01N21/26
Abstract: 1,192,192. Determining blood characteristics. TECHNICON CORP. 22 June, 1967 [11 July, 1966], No. 28851/67. Heading B1X. Apparatus for determining blood characteristics comprises supply means 12 for providing an initial stream of the samples to be tested; means 30, 32, 34, 36 coupled to junction 20 for providing a plurality of quotient streams, each containing a fractional portion of each of the samples in the initial stream; first treating means coupled to tube 34 for treating one quotient stream for HCT analysis, first determining means for measuring the HCT for example by continuous measurement of the resistance of the stream by means of electrodes 54 and for providing a signal responsive to the HCT measurement; second treating means for treating another of the quotient streams for analysis and second determining means for making the appropriate measurement and providing a signal responsive to it; and recording means 132 for receiving the signals and recording in correlation the signals obtained by measurements on the fractional portions of a common sample of the initial stream. The quotient stream in tube 30 may be twice diluted with saline (at junctions 58 and 76) then passed through phaser coil 80 (see 1,183,631) to counter module 84 for RBC determination. The quotient stream in tube 32 may be lysed with water added at 107, mixed with ferricyanide-cyanide reagent at 116 to convert the haemoglobin to cyanomethaemoglobin and passed through phaser coil 121 to colorimeter 130 for HGB measurement. The quotient stream in tube 36 may be lysed with acetic acid and a surfactant added at 96, and passed through phaser coil 104 to counter module 84 for WBC determination. MCH, MCV and MCHC are calculated from the measured characteristics and all seven characteristics of the sample are printed out on a single document (Fig. 3 not shown). The circuit (Fig. 2 not shown) permits display of the measured characteristics in turn on a meter.
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公开(公告)号：SE318421B
公开(公告)日：1969-12-08
申请号：SE76163
申请日：1963-01-23
Applicant: TECHNICON INSTR
Inventor： SKEGGS L , ISREELI J , PELAVIN M , WHITEHEAD E , SMYTHE W
Abstract: 1,007,224. Photo-electric analysis. TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION. Jan. 23, 1963 [Jan.23, 1962; Oct. 31, 1962], No. 2846/63. Heading G1A. [Also in Division B1] . In an arrangement for the quantitative analysis of a fluid sample having a plurality of known ingredients a like plurality of sample streams is formed each being treated for analysis in respect of a different ingredient and the quantitatively analysed separately during the flow of the treated streams. The invention, which has a general application, is described in connection with the analysis of body fluids e.g. blood or blood serum, in respect of such substances as albumin, total protein, chlorides, carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, glucose and blood-urea-nitrogen. Known colorimetric and spectral-flame photo-electric analysing techniques are employed the analysis being effected sequentially in respect of the different substances and the results recorded. Fig. 1, shows one embodiment in which a take-off device 18 connected to aspirating tubes 20, 22 of a proportioning pump 24 (preferably of the kind disclosed in Specifications 817,070) withdraws a portion of fluid from one of a number sample cups 16 held in a rotary sampler device 14 (preferably of the kind disclosed in Specification 834,635) the arrangement being such that when a desired quantity of fluid has been withdrawn the take-off device 18 is inserted in another cup 16 and supplies the apparatus with a different sample separated from the first sample by an intervening air segment. Considering any one sample the operation of the apparatus is as follows. The portion of the sample withdrawn by pump tube 20 is combined in a fitting 28 with air (or inert gas), fed to tube 30, and with a liquid stream containing acidifed lithium nitrate, fed to tube 32, the air or inert gas serving to break up each sample into a number of liquid segments spaced by air segment which help maintain the tubes of the apparatus clean and prevent contamination of one sample by a preceding sample and the acidified lithium nitrate providing an internal standard for that portion of the sample which is to undergo spectral-flame analysis. This segmented liquid stream is fed via conduit 34 to one side, the sample is side, of a dialyzer 36 (preferably of the kind disclosed in Specifications 827,925 and 827,927) comprising plates 38a, 38b separated by a membrane 40 which operates to separate portion of the diffusible substances from the non-diffusible substances the former diffusing into a recipient stream comprising water and segmentising air supplied via respective pump tubes 44, 46 and fed over conduit 42 to the recipient side of the dialyzer from which it flows via conduit 48 whilst the non-diffusible substances flow from the sample side through a conduit 50. The (crystalloid) substances which diffuse into the recipient stream in conduit 48 comprise, blood-urea-nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium and chlorides (as well as a portion of the lithium nitrate) and to effect the required quantitative analysis the stream in conduit 48 is divided into separate streams by means of conduits 52,54,56,58 connected to respective tubes of pump 24. In the case of conduit 52 pump tube 146 operates to supply the stream to a fitting 144 which also receives via mixing coil 156 and a fitting 154 a segmentized colour-producing reagent stream formed by introducing colour-producing reagents suitable for the quantative analysis of the blood-urea-nitrogen content into pump tubes 148, 150 and a segmentizing fluid into pump tube 152 the combined streams being fed to a further mixing coil 158 and thence via a heating bath 162 to a debubbler 76f which removes the segmentizing fluid and supplies a consolidated liquid stream to the flow cell 80e of the colorimeter 82. In similar manner the stream in conduit 54 is segmentized and treated for analysis of the glucose content and supplied via heating bath 142 to flow cell 80d, that in conduit 58 being segmentized and treated for analysis in respect of the chloride content and fed to flow cell 80b whilst the streams in conduit 56, which, because of the presence of the lithium nitrate internal standard, does not require further treatment, is fed via debubbler 76d to the spectral flame photometer 60, the latter (preferably of the kind disclosed in App. 29969/60 Serial number 946689) having provision for effecting analysis in respect of both the sodium and potassium content. The flow through the sample side of the dialyzer via conduit 50 containing the colloidal substances as well as the remaining portions of the crystalloid substances is divided into two streams in respective conduits 64, 66, that in the former being segmentized and treated for analysis in respect of its total protein content and supplied to flow cell 80a whilst that in conduit 66 is treated for analysis of its carbon dioxide content (released by the acid content of the acidified lithium nitrate) by introducing a suitable anti-foam reagent via pump tube 104 and conduit 106 and supplying the resulting stream through a mixing coil 108 to a gas-liquid separator 110 (preferably as disclosed in Specification 909,415) the output of which is combined in pump fitting 116 with a suitable colour producing reagent introduced via pump tube 118 to provide a resultant stream for flow cell 80c, any remaining carbon-dioxide being removed by debubbler 76c. For the remaining analysis, that of the albumiun content, the sample is taken via conduit 26 (to avoid the adverse effects which the lithium nitrate introduced via pump tube 32 would have on the colorimetric treatment for albumiun) and after segmentizing and suitable colorimetric treatment via respective pump tubes 70, 68 is supplied via mixing coil 74 and debubbler 76 to flow cell 80. The flow cells (two 'spares' 80f, 80g being shown) are mounted on a carriage 178 (see also Fig. 2) which moves under the control of a reversing motor 188 driving a Geneva mechanism 192 and controlled by a timer 190 such that the cells are positioned in succession and for predetermined periods of time in the path of a light beam L co-operating with a measuring photo-electric device 174 (a photovoltive or photoconductive cell) and a similar reference device 172 (shown only in Fig. 1). When all the flow cells have reached the measuring position the carriage actuates a switch 202 which causes the motor 188 to reverse direction to drive the carriage in the opposite direction until the latter actuates switch 204 operation of which again reverses the direction of the motor which then drives the carriage in the first direction until the circuit to the motor is interrupted by switch 236 controlled by the Geneva mechanism. The apparatus is now in position to commence a second cycle when switch 216 is closed. Alternatively, the flow cells may be stationary and the light source and photo-electric devices arranged to move with respect thereto. In operation, the outputs of the photo-electric devices including devices 180,184, and 182, 186 comprising the reference and measurement photoelectric devices associated respectively with the spectral-flame analysis of the sodium and potassium contents are fed sequentially to the recorder control circuit 168 by means of switches 176 operated by shaft 308 driven in step with the movement of the carriage via rack-and-pinion 302, 304 (Fig. 2) the sequence being such that the various streams are examined in the order in which the colour reaction is completed this being aided by giving appropriate lengths to the flow paths between the pump and the various flow cells. In the case of Fig. 1, the flow cells are examined in the order shown except that the measurements of the sodium and potassium contents occur in the fifth and sixth positions thus producing a recording as shown by the trace 300 (Fig. 4). The recorder 166 and its control circuit 168 (which are of the type described in Specification 874,855) are described with reference to Fig. 3 (not shown) and generally comprises a null-type current ratio-balancing system to which the outputs of the measuring and reference photo-electric devices are supplied via banks of gauged switches driven in step with the switch banks 176 (Fig. 1). Additionally, means are provided to allow the use of linear ordinate scales in the case of recordings produced by colorimetric analysis, since in the latter case a logurithmic relationship exists between the concentration of the substance and the light transmission, and in the case of substances (e.g. glucose, carbon dioxide, sodium and potassium)for which the photo-electric response increases with increase in concentration of the substance a polarity traversing means for the output of the photo-electric devices is provided. Means are also described for calibrating the apparatus using substances of known concentrations the calibrations being printed on the chart (Fig. 4) either prior to use or concurrently therewith by the provision of printing plates produced from the calibration and secured to the recorder in position for printing the chart paper as it moves through the recorder. Each printing plate may be formed as a stretchable strip having equally spaced concentration numeral values so that the maximum and minimum values may be correctly positioned for each scale. The normal ranges for the concentration of each substance may be indicated by shaded areas 392. In a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 1 the colorimeter comprises stationary flow cells each provided with a light source and a measuring and reference photoelectric device (Fig. 5, not shown). In both embodiments the recorder maybe of the type which prints the actual numerical values of the concentration instead of employing a stylus to draw a curve. The colorimeter comprises the carriage number 178 (see Figs. 6 and 7) which is movable, as described in connection
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