Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for cleaning aeration elements (1) provided with pores or bores in aerated basins (2) of wastewater treatment plants or water treatment plants. The aeration field (4) formed by the aeration elements (1) and the pipes (3) connecting said aeration elements to each other is completely filled with a cleaning agent in a fluid form by applying pressure that is high enough to send said cleaning agent through the pores or bores of the aeration elements (1). After applying the cleaning fluid on the pores or bores of the aeration elements (1) for a variable amount of time, the aeration field (4) is emptied again. In a further optional cleaning step, the aeration field (4) is cleaned once again with a rinsing fluid, preferably water. Also disclosed are the use of an alkaline cleaning agent with a pH value of at least 10, preferably 12, and advantageous compositions of the cleaning fluid used for cleaning aeration elements.
Abstract:
A mechanical structure is disposed in a chamber, at least a portion of which is defined by the encapsulation structure. A first method provides a channel cap having at least one preform portion disposed over or in at least a portion of an anti-stiction channel to seal the anti-stiction channel, at least in part. A second method provides a channel cap having at least one portion disposed over or in at least a portion of an anti-stiction channel to seal the anti-stiction channel, at least in part. The at least one portion is fabricated apart from the electromechanical device and thereafter affixed to the electromechanical device. A third method provides a channel cap having at least one portion disposed over or in at least a portion of the anti-stiction channel to seal an anti-stiction channel, at least in part. The at least one portion may comprise a wire ball, a stud, metal foil or a solder preform. A device includes a substrate, an encapsulation structure and a mechanical structure. An anti-stiction layer is disposed on at least a portion of the mechanical structure. An anti-stiction channel is formed in at least one of the substrate and the encapsulation structure. A cap has at least one preform portion disposed over or in at least a portion of the anti-stiction channel to seal the anti-stiction channel, at least in part.
Abstract:
A zinc/air battery includes a plurality zinc/air battery cells and an arrangement for exposing the plurality of zinc/air battery cells to air wherein the exposing arrangement opens the plurality of zinc/air battery cells in a serial manner such that only one cell is operative at a time.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing surface micromechanical structures having a high aspect ratio. At least one sacrificial layer (20) is provided between a substrate (30) and a functional layer (10). Trenches (60, 61) are provided in said functional layer (10) by means of a plasma etching process, said trenches uncovering at least some surface areas (21, 22) of the sacrificial layer (20). According to the invention, a further layer (70) is deposited at least partially on the lateral walls of the trenches, but not on the uncovered surface areas (21, 22) of the sacrificial layer (20), in order to increase the aspect ratio of said trenches. The invention also relates to a sensor, especially an acceleration or rotational rate sensor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a membrane sensor, especially a thermal membrane sensor, over a silicon substrate (1). A thin layer (4) comprised of silicon carbide or silicon nitride is deposited over an area (2) made of porous silicon which is configured in the surface of the substrate (1). Openings (5, 7) are then formed in said silicon carbide or silicon nitride layer (4), said layer extending to the porous silicon layer (2), by means of a dry etching method. Afterwards, semiconductor and circuit-board structures (6) are implanted in the upper surface of the membrane layer (4) by means of lithographic steps and the sacrificial layer (2) comprised of porous silicon is then removed by a suitable solvent, for example ammoniac. As a result, a cavity (8) is produced underneath the membrane layer (4) which thermally decouples the sensor membrane from the substrate (1).
Abstract:
In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a resonator architecture including a plurality of in-plane vibration microelectromechanical resonators (for example, 2 or 4 resonators) that are mechanically coupled to provide, for example, a differential signal output. In one embodiment, the present invention includes four commonly shaped microelectromechanical tuning fork resonators (12, 14, 16, 18) (for example, tuning fork resonators having two or more rectangular-shaped or square-shaped tines). Each resonator is mechanically coupled to another resonator of the architecture. For example, each resonator of the architecture is mechanically coupled to another one of the resonators on one side or a corner of one of the sides. In this way, all of the resonators, when induced, vibrate at the same frequency.
Abstract:
The module (10) is especially a wafer module and has two functional elements (11, 12) which lie opposite each other and which are functionally interconnected by a compression-deformable layer of a joining agent (13) located in-between them. The invention provides that at least one functional element (11; 12; 11, 12) is surface-structured in such a way as to form a depression (14) and that the functional connection lies exclusively in the area of this depression (14).
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la limpieza de elementos (1) de ventilación provistos con poros u orificios en tanques (2) ventilados de instalaciones de depuración de aguas residuales o de tratamiento de aguas, en el que se somete el campo (4) del ventilador formado por los elementos (1) de ventilación y las tuberías (3) que los unen a un líquido de limpieza, que se alimenta a través de tuberías adicionales, tales como por ejemplo tuberías (5) de caída, que unen el campo (4) del ventilador con una tubería (6) de distribución, y en el que está previsto una etapa de limpieza, en la que se llena el campo (4) del ventilador con el líquido de limpieza y a razones de presión, que provocan el paso del líquido de limpieza a través de los poros u orificios de los elementos (1) de ventilación, y en el que en una etapa de limpieza adicional tras un tiempo de acción variable del líquido de limpieza en los poros u orificios de los elementos (1) de ventilación vuelve a vaciarse el campo (4) del ventilador, caracterizado porque el líquido de limpieza contiene un agente para asegurar un medio alcalino con un valor de pH de al menos 10, preferiblemente 12.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for cleaning aeration elements (1) provided with pores or bores in aerated basins (2) of wastewater treatment plants or water treatment plants. The aeration field (4) formed by the aeration elements (1) and the pipes (3) connecting said aeration elements to each other is completely filled with a cleaning agent in a fluid form by applying pressure that is high enough to send said cleaning agent through the pores or bores of the aeration elements (1). After applying the cleaning fluid on the pores or bores of the aeration elements (1) for a variable amount of time, the aeration field (4) is emptied again. In a further optional cleaning step, the aeration field (4) is cleaned once again with a rinsing fluid, preferably water. Also disclosed are the use of an alkaline cleaning agent with a pH value of at least 10, preferably 12, and advantageous compositions of the cleaning fluid used for cleaning aeration elements.