Abstract:
An infra-red measurement radiometer is disclosed having one or more laser emitters (10) to define a sighting area, characterised in that the brightness of the laser beams (24) emitted is controllable by the operator. Brightness of the laser beams can be increased or decreased to a useful extent by switching more or less lasers into or out of operations. Brightness can be reduced by optical attenuation, such as the interposition of an optical element between the laser and the target, such as a diffraction lens or an iris device, or by use of an optical brightness filter, as in photography. It is also possible to change the laser beam brightness by variation of the electrical power supply (V s )to the laser emitter (10). This can be done with a resistor circuit (12), which may be fixed, or variable, and which may be located electrically between the laser emitter and power source, which is commonly a DC dry cell battery. In accordance with the invention, the operator of an instrument is able to adjust the laser brightness, within safety limits, which allow enough brightness to be both safe and useful. When the target measurement or treatment area is located at a relatively long distance away from the instrument, or in obscure illumination conditions, greater laser brightness becomes valuable.
Abstract:
A temperature sensor that has a thermally conducting contact with a surface that emits electromagnetic radiation in proportion to the temperature of the contact is disclosed. The sensor has a resilient member attached to the contact and configured to extend the contact toward the object to be measured. A first light waveguide is attached to the contact and is configured to transmit the electromagnetic radiation from the contact. The sensor has a guide with a bore formed therein that the first waveguide is insertable into. When the contact is moved, the first waveguide moves within the bore. A second waveguide is attached to the guide such that a variable gap is formed between the ends of the first waveguide and the second waveguide. Electromagnetic energy from the first waveguide traverses the gap and can be transmitted by the second waveguide. The guide allows the first waveguide to move with the contact in order to ensure that the contact is fully engaged with the surface of the object.
Abstract:
The invention concerns input screens for radiological image intensifier tubes. The input screen comprises a scintillator (12) deposited on an aluminium substrate (10). It converts the incident X-rays into visible photons which then excite a photocathode (16). The luminous photons produced by the scintillator are emitted backwards and reflected by the aluminium layer, but this reflection reduces the resolution. According to the invention, to get rid of this reflection, it is proposed to make an input screen in which a thin film (20) which is transparent or only slightly absorbent at the wavelengths emitted by the scintillator between the substrate and the scintillator designed to provide an anti-reflective effect. The slightly absorbent anti-reflective film will preferably be selected from among indium, antimony, tin or bismuth oxide or a combination thereof, like indium-tin oxide. The thickness is a few hundred to a few thousand angstroms.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily adjust optical input/output between a testing device and a device to be tested that has an optical interface.SOLUTION: A testing device that tests a device to be tested having an optical coupler transmitting optical signals in a direction vertical to a device surface and that comprises: a substrate on which the device to be tested is mounted; an optical transmission line that transmits optical signals; and a lens part that is provided facing the optical coupler on the substrate and that condenses the optical signals from the optical coupler and one end of the optical transmission line to the other end, and a testing method are provided.
Abstract:
Various embodiments include systems and methods to provide selectable variable gain to signals in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be used to normalize signals modulated in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be attained using a number of different techniques or various combinations of these techniques. These techniques may include modulating a modulator having modulating elements in which at least one modulating element acts on incident radiation differently from another modulating element of the modulator, modulating the use of electronic components in electronic circuitry of a detector, modulating a source of radiation or combinations thereof. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.