Abstract:
Disclosed is a method/apparatus to determine any one of a plurality of parameters: shape, area, chemical composition, diameter, colour, number, thickness, width, length, absorptivity, reflectivity, transmittivity, dielectric constant, raman scattering profile, fluorescence, surface tension, roughness, profile, density, position and orientation. Also use of a plurality of energy beams as source energy: charged and neutral particle beams, gamma-, X-, micro-, optical and acoustic waves. The described apparatus determines the mean and standard deviation of a plurality of diameters of wool fibres, and includes a He-Ne laser (101), and a pinhole (102) which produce an expanding laser beam which passes through cell (105). Beam splitter (103) is operatively disposed to pinhole (102) and laser (101) to direct a portion of the laser beam to reference detector (109) which is electrically connected to processor (110) via line (111). When apparatus (100) is operating wool fibres in an isopropanol-wool slurry pass through cell (105) generally at a non-zero degree angle to the direction of slurry flow through cell (105) to interact with the laser beam in cell (105). Beam splitter (104) and microscope objective (106) are operatively disposed with respect to laser (101), pinhole (102) and cell (105)to produce an in focus magnified transmission image of wool fibres in cell (105) in the plane of end (107) of optical fibre bundle (108). Each of the fibres in bundle (108) is connected to a photodiode detector (112). Processor/timer (113) is connected electrically to detector (112) by line (114). Processor/timer (113) is also connected electrically to computer (115) by line (116) and to processor (110) by line (117). Detector (118) is connected electrically to processor (110) by line (119). Processor (110) is connected electrically to computer (115) by line (120). Detector (118) is operatively disposed with respect to laser (101), pinhole (102) and cell (105) to detect outgoing light.
Abstract:
An analyzer (1) and an analysis method corrects the absorbance of a reaction liquid of a specimen to be analyzed and a reagent by using the gradient of a straight line indicating the relationship between the concentrations and the absorbances of two or more identifying samples having different concentrations and having the absorbance characteristics such that there is a simple slope in a wavelength band including a desired wavelength to be measured, and a reference gradient that is the gradient of a straight line that indicates a relationship between the concentrations and the absorbances of the identifying samples obtained in advance for the desired wavelength, whereby an analysis result with high analysis accuracy can be obtained even for an analysis item for which a calibration process using a calibrator cannot be performed.
Abstract:
A computer implemented method. The method includes obtaining, using a processor, spectral reflectance data (10) from a coated surface having a target coating theron; and determining (18), using the processor, whether the data includes any outlier data points (20). The method also includes removing (22), using the processor, at least one of the outlier data points to produce final spectral reflectance data (32); and calculating (34), using the processor, a characteristic of the target coating based at least in part on the final spectral reflectance data.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to methods and systems for the analysis of compounds in a crystalline state and/or undergoing crystallization. Two-dimensional correlation (2DCOS) and co-distribution analysis (2 DCDS) analysis plots can be generated and analyzed. Asynchronous plots can aid in establishing a sequential order of events. Positive cross peaks that correlate with auto peaks associated with aggregation can be identified. The auto peaks can be referenced to quickly discern the regions of the molecule most perturbed, which would indicate a driver for the crystallization state of the molecule. One can define which functional group types (e.g., region) are most perturbed (positive, intense auto peak) and observe how the different auto peaks begin to have greatest intensity change. These changes in auto peaks in the synchronous plots for the different stages of crystallization can provide information as to the dynamics of the process from amorphous to crystalline state.
Abstract:
Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensing systems employ a NDIR sensor coupled to a microprocessor to determine gas concentrations by employing slope-based methodologies that compensate for pressure variations, temperature variations, or both, which may compare NDIR signals with calibrated data. NDIR sensor systems may employ means for limiting the system peak current demand providing for the portability and scalability of the system. In NDIR sensor systems calculating gas concentrations using calibration data, the phase of the change in the NDIR output signal in response to a change in the infrared source emitter level may be measured as part of the calibration process.
Abstract:
Method and apparatus for detecting biomolecular interactions. The use of labels is not required and the methods may be performed in a high-throughput manner. An apparatus for detecting biochemical interactions occurring on the surface of a biosensor includes a light source. A first optical fiber is coupled to the light source and illuminates the biosensor. A second optical fiber detects a wavelength reflected from the biosensor. A spectrometer determines spectra of a reflected signal from the biosensor.