Abstract:
Terpolymers based on .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols.The present invention relates to terpolymers based on .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers as defined in claim 1, and also a process for preparing the same as defined in claim 5.The invention likewise relates to a mixture of at least one terpolymer as defined in claim 1 and at least one ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer.The terpolymers of the invention, and mixtures thereof, are used as paraffin inhibitors in crude oils and petroleum products.
Abstract:
The low temperature properties of a blend of biofuel and petroleum-based fuel oil are improved by the addition of an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, or a comb polymer, or a polar N compound, or a compound having at least one linear alkyl groups connected to a non-polymeric organic residue.
Abstract:
Dispersing asphaltenes in liquid hydrocarbons, particularly formed during the refining of crude petroleum, is disclosed. The dispersant comprises a free radically polymerized copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin of from about 10 to about 36 carbon atoms and maleic anhydride wherein the anhydride moieties along the copolymer backbone are substantially unhydrolyzed or otherwise not derivatized. The copolymer has a ratio of .alpha.-olefin to maleic anhydride of from about 1:1 to about 1:5 and a molecular weight of from 5000 to about 100,000. Alternatively the dispersant comprises a mixture of the .alpha.-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer and an alkyl substituted phenol/formaldehyde liquid polymer, such as nonyl phenol/formaldehyde polymer, or a lipophilic/hydrophilic vinylic polymer, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate/lauryl acrylate copolymer. Also disclosed is a liquid hydrocarbon dispersion containing asphaltenes and 1-100 ppm of the .alpha.-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer.
Abstract:
The use as an additive to improve the low temperature properties of distillate fuels having a cloud point (wax appearance temperature) above 0.degree. C. and containing more than 5 wt. % wax at 10.degree. C. below the cloud point (wax appearance temperature) of a mixture of a comb polymer together with a poly-alkyl ester, ether, ester/ether of a polyhydroxy compound.
Abstract:
Distillate fuel additives containing an activator for increasing the efficiency with which the fuel can be burned, a pour point depressant, a dispersant, and a base stock or carrier for the foregoing constituents.
Abstract:
Lubricating oil additives having both dispersant and viscosity-index improving properties are prepared by reacting a block copolymer with maleic anhydride and an alkane polyol. The block copolymer has the general configuration A-B wherein A is a monoalkenyl arene block and B is a selectively hydrogenated conjugated diene block having between 75 and 98 percent hydrogenated double bonds.