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    DETECTING CLOUDS USING POLARIZED SUNLIGHT
    2.
    发明申请
    DETECTING CLOUDS USING POLARIZED SUNLIGHT 有权
    使用极化阳光检测云

    公开(公告)号：US20160216198A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-07-28

    申请号：US15006752

    申请日：2016-01-26

    Applicant: U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-LOC-I

    Inventor： Wenbo Sun ,  Gordon Videen ,  Michael I. Mishchenko

    IPC: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/49

    CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01N2021/4792 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01W1/02

    Abstract: A novel methodology for detecting cloud particles is disclosed herein. This methodology exploits the optical glory phenomenon. According to one embodiment, a method for detecting clouds includes receiving data from a sensor which is configured to measure polarization of scattered light in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of incident light, and identifying, from the received sensor data, a cloud based on the polarization of the scattered light.

    Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种用于检测云粒子的新型方法。 这种方法利用光学荣耀现象。 根据一个实施例，一种用于检测云的方法包括从传感器接收数据，所述传感器被配置为测量与入射光的方向基本相反的方向上的散射光的偏振，并且从接收到的传感器数据中识别基于 散射光的极化。

    AMBIENT REFLECTIVITY ABSORPTION SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS MATERIALS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS
    3.
    发明申请
    AMBIENT REFLECTIVITY ABSORPTION SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS MATERIALS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS 有权
    用于识别重要或半密度材料和相关方法的环境反射吸收系统

    公开(公告)号：US20130135461A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-05-30

    申请号：US13479934

    申请日：2012-05-24

    Applicant: Dorn Schmidt ,  Brad Wilson

    Inventor： Dorn Schmidt ,  Brad Wilson

    IPC: G01N21/55

    CPC classification number: G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/3151 ,  G01N21/87 ,  G01N2021/3155 ,  G01N2021/3177 ,  G01N2021/3181 ,  G01N2201/0616

    Abstract: A reflectivity absorption system for identifying a target precious or semi-precious material can include a detector, a filter system, and an output display. The detector system is capable of detecting a reflected electromagnetic radiation at a primary wavelength and a secondary wavelength. The reflected electromagnetic radiation can be produced from sunlight or other light source. The primary wavelength corresponds to an upper reflectivity of the target material while the secondary wavelength corresponds to a lower reflectivity of the target material. Reflectivity is a function of wavelength such that identifiable variations in wavelength can be observed for certain materials over specific wavelength ranges which are then compared to a known standard reflectivity response for the indicated wavelengths. These systems can be used in portable, handheld, or stationary configurations and can identify exposed target materials in real-time.

    Abstract translation: 用于识别目标珍贵或半珍贵材料的反射吸收系统可以包括检测器，过滤器系统和输出显示器。 检测器系统能够检测主波长和次波长的反射电磁辐射。 反射的电磁辐射可以由阳光或其他光源产生。 主波长对应于目标材料的上反射率，而次波长对应于目标材料的较低反射率。 反射率是波长的函数，使得在特定波长范围内可以观察到某些材料的波长的可识别变化，然后将其与所指示的波长的已知标准反射率响应进行比较。 这些系统可用于便携式，手持式或固定式配置，并可实时识别曝光的目标材料。

    Gas detecting method and gas detecting apparatus
    4.
    发明授权
    Gas detecting method and gas detecting apparatus 有权
    气体检测方法和气体检测装置

    公开(公告)号：US08183527B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-05-22

    申请号：US12521099

    申请日：2007-12-21

    Applicant: Toshiyuki Taguchi ,  Toshihiro Wakita ,  Kiyomi Sakakibara

    Inventor： Toshiyuki Taguchi ,  Toshihiro Wakita ,  Kiyomi Sakakibara

    IPC: G01J5/02 ,  G01N21/00

    CPC classification number: G01N21/3518 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/097 ,  A61B5/18 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N33/4972 ,  G01N2201/0616

    Abstract: A concentration of ethanol is detected without using any light source such as a lamp by utilizing a face of a human being as a light source. The gas detecting apparatus has an optical filter for ethanol which allows to transmit an infrared light having a predetermined wavelength band including an absorption spectrum derived from a C—O stretching vibration of ethanol contained in breath in an absorption spectrum generated by interaction with infrared light emitted from the face of a person, an optical filter for reference that allows to transmit an infrared light having a wavelength band emitted from the face of the person, a converting component for ethanol that converts the infrared light transmitted through the optical filter for ethanol to electric signals, a converting component for reference that converts an infrared light transmitted through the optical filter for reference to electric signals, and a detection component that detects the concentration of ethanol gas based on the electric signals converted by the converting component for ethanol and the electric signals converted by the converting component for reference.

    Abstract translation: 通过利用人的面部作为光源，不使用诸如灯的任何光源来检测乙醇的浓度。 气体检测装置具有用于乙醇的滤光器，其允许透射具有预定波长带的红外光，所述波长带包括由包含在呼吸中的乙醇的C-O伸缩振动引起的吸收光谱，所述吸收光谱与通过与发射的红外光的相互作用产生的吸收光谱 从人的面部，用于参考的光学滤光器，其允许透射具有从人脸发射的波长带的红外光，用于乙醇的转换部件，其将透过乙醇用滤光器的红外光转换为电 信号，用于参考的转换部件，其转换通过滤光器传输的红外光，用于参考电信号;以及检测部件，其基于由乙醇转换部件转换的电信号和电信号来检测乙醇气体的浓度 由转换组件转换为参考 nce。

    Method for Methane Spectral Absorbance Calculation Using Sunlight
    5.
    发明申请
    Method for Methane Spectral Absorbance Calculation Using Sunlight 审中-公开
    使用阳光的甲烷光谱吸光度计算方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080309935A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

    申请号：US11764226

    申请日：2007-06-17

    Applicant: Bo Ling

    Inventor： Bo Ling

    IPC: G01J3/28

    CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01N2021/1795 ,  G01N2201/0616

    Abstract: A method and a system are provided for calculating the spectral absorbance using sunlight. With this method, methane (CH4) in open air can be detected using NIR spectrometers. It does not require any laser illumination of methane molecules in an outdoor environment. Instead, sunlight is used as the light source. This system works from early morning to late evening under various weather conditions (sunny, partly cloudy, cloudy, windy, etc.). Although theoretical background and experimental procedure for methane (CH4) absorbance is disclosed, the entire method can be applied to any other species as well when the wavelength range of interest overlaps with sunlight spectra.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于使用阳光计算光谱吸光度的方法和系统。 通过这种方法，可以使用NIR光谱仪检测露天的甲烷（CH4）。 在室外环境中不需要任何激光照射甲烷分子。 相反，阳光被用作光源。 该系统在各种天气条件（晴，多云，多云，有风等）的清晨至深夜。 尽管公开了甲烷（CH4）吸光度的理论背景和实验程序，但当感兴趣的波长范围与太阳光谱重叠时，整个方法也可应用于任何其他物种。

    Irradiance calibration with solar diffuser
    6.
    发明授权
    Irradiance calibration with solar diffuser 失效
    太阳能扩散器的辐射校准

    公开(公告)号：US5218416A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-08

    申请号：US810792

    申请日：1991-12-19

    Applicant: Robert E. Haring ,  Herbert A. Roeder ,  Ulli G. Hartmann

    Inventor： Robert E. Haring ,  Herbert A. Roeder ,  Ulli G. Hartmann

    IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/33

    CPC classification number: G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01N2201/0616

    Abstract: The sun's energy is used in combination of movable and fixed diffuser plates, windows and apertures which are positioned in a series of test sequences (modes) for reflectance monitoring and calibration without the use of man-made sources. There are three embodiments, or implementations, of the invention--one embodiment uses two diffusers--a working diffuser and a secondary diffuser--the second embodiment uses three diffusers, a working diffuser, a secondary diffuser and a reference diffuser--and the third embodiment uses two diffusers--a working diffuser and a secondary diffuser, the latter also functioning as a cover for the working diffuser. The movable diffusers are mounted on rotatable cones and, in all embodiments, the sun is blocked from reaching the diffusers when not in use. Thus, the sun is used as a stable source for calibration and monitoring and the sun/diffuser combination is used in such a way that the response of all elements of the optical subsystem of the TOMS can be unambiguously and efficiently characterized with high accuracy and precision.

    Abstract translation: 太阳的能量结合使用可移动和固定扩散板，窗口和孔，它们位于一系列用于反射率监测和校准的测试序列（模式）中，而不使用人造源。 本发明有三个实施例或实施方案 - 一个实施例使用两个扩散器 - 工作扩散器和辅助扩散器 - 第二实施例使用三个扩散器，工作扩散器，次扩散器和参考扩散器 - 并且第三实施例使用 两个扩散器 - 工作扩散器和次级扩散器，后者也用作工作扩散器的盖子。 可移动扩散器安装在可旋转锥体上，并且在所有实施例中，当不使用时，太阳被阻挡到达扩散器。 因此，太阳被用作用于校准和监视的稳定源，并且太阳/漫射器组合以这样的方式使用，使得TOMS的光学子系统的所有元件的响应可以以高精度和精确度明确有效地表征 。

    Solar-stimulated fluorescent radiation detection method and apparatus
    7.
    发明授权
    Solar-stimulated fluorescent radiation detection method and apparatus 失效
    太阳激光荧光检测方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US3641344A

    公开(公告)日：1972-02-08

    申请号：US3641344D

    申请日：1969-04-01

    Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

    Inventor： MARKLE DAVID A

    IPC: G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/34

    CPC classification number: G01J3/457 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N21/6456 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2201/0616

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the presence, location and relative concentration of certain fluorescent materials in a scene that is illuminated by sunlight. The particular fluorescent materials are characterized in that they fluoresce at wavelengths coincident with one or more Fraunhofer absorption bands. Two images are formed from light collected from the scene. One of the images consists mainly of light from the scene having a spectral band-pass inside a Fraunhofer absorption band and the other image consists mainly of light from the scene having a spectral bandpass in the continuum near the same Fraunhofer absorption band. The two images are normalized so that intensities on corresponding portions of each image due to reflected solar radiation are equal. The ''''continuum'''' image is then subtracted from the ''''Fraunhofer'''' image. The resulting difference image consists primarily of fluorescent radiation derived from the fluorescent materials or objects in the scene and provides a direct visual indication of their presence, location and relative concentration.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于确定由阳光照射的场景中某些荧光材料的存在，位置和相对浓度的方法和装置。 特定的荧光材料的特征在于它们在与一个或多个Fraunhofer吸收带一致的波长处发荧光。 从场景收集的光形成两个图像。 其中一幅图像主要由来自Fraunhofer吸收带内具有光谱带通的场景的光组成，另一幅图像主要由来自相同弗劳恩霍夫吸收带附近的连续谱中具有光谱带通的场景的光组成。 两个图像被归一化，使得由于反射的太阳辐射引起的每个图像的对应部分上的强度相等。 然后从“Fraunhofer”图像中减去“连续体”图像。 所得到的差异图像主要由来自场景中的荧光材料或物体的荧光辐射组成，并提供其存在，位置和相对浓度的直接视觉指示。

    METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE REFLECTANCE OF AN OBJECT AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE
    9.
    发明申请
    METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE REFLECTANCE OF AN OBJECT AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20180284020A1

    公开(公告)日：2018-10-04

    申请号：US15764603

    申请日：2016-09-30

    Applicant: COLOR GRAIL RESEARCH

    Inventor： Rémi VAUCLIN ,  Franck HENNEBELLE

    IPC: G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/31

    CPC classification number: G01N21/55 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2201/0616 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the reflectance of an object, the method including a step of solving an equation having several unknowns, the equation being obtained from formed images, the reflectance of the object and the illumination of the external light source being two unknowns of the equation. The step of solving the equation includes: calculating solution points of the equation, interpolating the calculated points by way of an interpolation function, and using at least one of the following approximations to solve the equation: a first approximation according to which each image is derived from the emission of a separate light flash, a second approximation according to which the interpolation function determines the stability points of the equation.

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