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    Method and apparatus for the positive identification of a natural pearl and for measuring the thickness of the nacre coating of cultured pearls
    91.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for the positive identification of a natural pearl and for measuring the thickness of the nacre coating of cultured pearls 失效
    用于阳性鉴定天然珍珠并测量培养珍珠珍珠层涂层厚度的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5239354A

    公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

    申请号：US941175

    申请日：1992-09-04

    Applicant: Kenneth M. Russell

    Inventor： Kenneth M. Russell

    IPC: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/87 ,  G02B25/02 ,  G02B27/02

    CPC classification number: G02B25/02 ,  G01N21/87 ,  G01N33/381 ,  G02B27/02 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N2201/064

    Abstract: An apparatus comprising a light source, a lens system, a reticle illuminated by the light source, a housing having a substantially dark viewing chamber and a pearl holder for holding the cultured pearl in the substantially dark viewing chamber, and a reticle device for providing a reticle image observable through the lens system. The substantially dark viewing chamber is optically connected to the light source so as to allow light from the light source to traverse an aperture in the pearl holder to illuminate the pearl. The substantially dark viewing chamber is also optically connected to the lens system. In order to provide maximum contrast between light and darkness in the substantially dark viewing chamber, the housing is arranged to prevent entry of extraneous light into the substantially dark viewing chamber. A preferred method according to the present invention includes the following steps. A pearl is placed in the substantially dark viewing chamber. The pearl is illuminated by irradiating a relatively small portion of a side of the pearl with light from the light source, so that luminescence is stimulated throughout the pearl only when the pearl is a natural pearl, and so that the thickness of the nacre coating is observable through the lens system when the pearl is a cultured pearl. The thickness of the nacre coating of the illuminated pearl is measured by comparison with the reticle image observed through the lens system.

    Abstract translation: 一种装置，包括光源，透镜系统，由光源照射的掩模版，具有基本上暗的观察室的壳体和用于将培养的珍珠保持在基本上暗的观察室中的珍珠架，以及用于提供 透镜系统可以观察到掩模版图像。 基本上暗的观察室光学地连接到光源，以便允许来自光源的光穿过珍珠保持器中的孔以照亮珍珠。 基本上暗的观察室也光学连接到透镜系统。 为了在基本上暗的观察室中提供明暗之间的最大对比度，壳体被布置成防止外来光进入基本上暗的观察室。 根据本发明的优选方法包括以下步骤。 将珍珠放置在基本上暗的观察室中。 通过用来自光源的光照射珍珠的相对较少的一侧来照亮珍珠，使得只有当珍珠是天然珍珠时才能在整个珍珠上刺激发光，并且使得珍珠层的厚度为 当珍珠是养殖珍珠时，通过透镜系统观察到。 通过与通过透镜系统观察到的掩模版图像进行比较来测量照明珍珠的珍珠层涂层的厚度。

    Ambient light suppression for reflectance photometers
    92.
    发明授权
    Ambient light suppression for reflectance photometers 失效
    反射光度计的环境光抑制

    公开(公告)号：US5189495A

    公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

    申请号：US754065

    申请日：1991-09-03

    Applicant: Albert Brunsting ,  Roger D. Sonnenburg

    Inventor： Albert Brunsting ,  Roger D. Sonnenburg

    IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/86

    CPC classification number: G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/8483 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N2201/064

    Abstract: A spectral cover for a reflectance photometer is disclosed in which the spectral cover is designed to cover the readhead area of the reflectance photometer and block the transmission of light in a wavelength range of at least 60 to no more than 200 nanometers centered about the detection wavelength while permitting light of other wavelengths to be transmitted. The invention permits the readhead cover to be permanently or semipermanently positioned on the reflectance photometer. Since a user is able to see through the spectral cover it is possible to position a test device correctly and quickly over the readhead of the reflectance photometer. Signal noise levels due to ambient light are substantially eliminated by the invention.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于反射光度计的光谱罩，其中，光谱盖被设计成覆盖反射光度计的读取头区域，并阻挡在以检测波长为中心的至少60至不大于200纳米的波长范围内的光的透射 同时允许发射其他波长的光。 本发明允许读取头盖永久地或半永久地定位在反射光度计上。 由于用户能够通过光谱罩观察，可以将测试设备正确且快速地放置在反射光度计的读数头上。 本发明基本消除了环境光引起的信号噪声水平。

    Reflectometer
    93.
    发明授权
    Reflectometer 失效
    反射计

    公开(公告)号：US5148041A

    公开(公告)日：1992-09-15

    申请号：US652016

    申请日：1991-02-07

    Applicant: Herbert Wertheim ,  Hernan Bormey ,  Carlos Bormey

    Inventor： Herbert Wertheim ,  Hernan Bormey ,  Carlos Bormey

    IPC: G01N21/55

    CPC classification number: G01N21/55 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/08

    Abstract: A reflection meter for measuring the percentage of reflected light from a surface. A light source produces light which strikes the surface. The surface reflects the light into a chamber which directs the light to a detector. The detector senses the reflected light and produces a detect signal that represents the light reflected. A microprocessor receives the detect signal and calculates a percentage of light reflected from the surface which is shown on a display. An absorbing receiver engage the surface and absorbs any light that is transmitted through the surface.

    Abstract translation: 用于测量来自表面的反射光的百分比的反射计。 光源产生撞击表面的光。 表面将光反射到将光引导到检测器的室中。 检测器感测反射光并产生表示反射光的检测信号。 微处理器接收检测信号并计算从显示器上显示的表面反射的光的百分比。 吸收接收器接合表面并吸收透过表面的任何光。

    Two light source reference system for a fluorometer
    94.
    发明授权
    Two light source reference system for a fluorometer 失效
    两个用于荧光计的光源参考系统

    公开(公告)号：US4802768A

    公开(公告)日：1989-02-07

    申请号：US850944

    申请日：1986-04-11

    Applicant: Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    Inventor： Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    IPC: G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/05

    CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/0698 ,  G01N2201/082

    Abstract: A reference system utilizes pulsed arc light excitation which excitation pulses are directed onto a flow cell containing a fluorescent dye. Fluorescent light emitted from the dye is guided to a photomultiplier tube which converts it to electrical pulses. A portion of each excitation light pulse is guided by a light pipe onto a PIN diode light detector which converts these light signals to electrical pulses. A LED reference light source is pulsed to generate a plurality of reference light pulses one of which occurs between each excitation pulse. A portion of each of these pulses is guided to each of the two light detectors and two more series of electrical pulses are generated. A microprocessor then reads the four electrical pulses resulting from each pair of light pulses and performs a computation on the resulting numbers which indicates the relative concentration of the target concentration being assayed. An optical system masks the excitation light pulses and the emitted light pulses to minimize the amount of scattered excitation light that gets into the emitted light optical channel and spatially integrates the images of the arc yielding the excitation light to control the stability of the image projected onto the photomultiplier tube. The light pipe and an output lens spatially integrates the image of the excitation light mask and focuses this light on the PIN diode so that the dancing image of the arc does not modulate with the variations of the PIN diode cathode and destabilize its output signal.

    Abstract translation: 参考系统利用脉冲弧光激发，激发脉冲被引导到含荧光染料的流动池上。 从染料发出的荧光被引导到光电倍增管，将其转换成电脉冲。 每个激发光脉冲的一部分由光管引导到PIN二极管光检测器上，PIN检测器将这些光信号转换成电脉冲。 LED参考光源被脉冲以产生多个参考光脉冲，其中一个发生在每个激励脉冲之间。 这些脉冲中的每一个的一部分被引导到两个光检测器中的每一个，并且产生两个更多的串联的电脉冲。 然后微处理器读取由每对光脉冲产生的四个电脉冲，并且对所得数字进行计算，这表明所测定的目标浓度的相对浓度。 光学系统遮蔽激发光脉冲和发射的光脉冲，以最小化进入发射的光通道的散射激发光的量，并且空间地积分产生激发光的电弧的图像，以控制投影到 光电倍增管。 光管和输出透镜在空间上对激发光掩模的图像进行空间积分，并将该光聚焦在PIN二极管上，使得电弧的跳舞图像不会随PIN二极管阴极的变化而调制，并使其输出信号失稳。

    Fluorometer with reference light source
    95.
    发明授权
    Fluorometer with reference light source 失效
    带参考光源的荧光计

    公开(公告)号：US4750837A

    公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

    申请号：US850933

    申请日：1986-04-11

    Applicant: Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    Inventor： Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

    IPC: G01N33/58 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N33/536

    CPC classification number: G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/0642 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/0698 ,  G01N2201/082

    Abstract: There is disclosed herein a reference system for a fluorometer designed to detect very low levels of materials tagged with fluorophores. There is also disclosed an optical system for use in such a system which improves the signal to noise ratio. The reference system utilizes pulsed arc light excitation which excitation pulses are directed onto a flow cell containing the fluorescent dye. Fluorescent light emitted from the dye is guided to a photomultiplier tube which converts it to electrical pulses. A portion of each excitation light pulse is guided by a light pipe onto a PIN diode light detector which converts these light signals to electrical pulses. A LED reference light source is pulsed to generate a plurality of reference light pulses one of which occurs between each excitation pulse. A portion of each of these pulses is guided to each of the two light detectors and two more series of electrical pulses are generated. A microprocessor then reads the four electrical pulses resulting from each pair of light pulses and performs a computation on the resulting numbers which indicates the relative concentration of the target concentration being assayed. The optical system makes the excitation light pulses and the emitted light pulses to minimize the amount of scattered excitation light that gets into the emitted light optical channel and to control the location and size of the image projected onto the photomultiplier tube to stabilize its output signal. The light pipe and an output lens spatially integrates the image of the excitation light mask and focusses this light on the PIN diode so that the dancing image of the arc does not wander off the face of the PIN diode and destabilize its output signal. The action of the flow cell fluid contents spatially intergrates the fluorescent light thereby helping to stabilize the output of the photomultiplier tube.

    Abstract translation: 本文公开了一种用于检测用荧光团标记的非常低水平的材料的荧光计的参考系统。 还公开了一种用于这种提高信噪比的系统中的光学系统。 参考系统利用脉冲弧光激发，激发脉冲被引导到含有荧光染料的流动池上。 从染料发出的荧光被引导到光电倍增管，将其转换成电脉冲。 每个激发光脉冲的一部分由光管引导到PIN二极管光检测器上，PIN检测器将这些光信号转换成电脉冲。 LED参考光源被脉冲以产生多个参考光脉冲，其中一个发生在每个激励脉冲之间。 这些脉冲中的每一个的一部分被引导到两个光检测器中的每一个，并且产生两个更多的串联的电脉冲。 然后微处理器读取由每对光脉冲产生的四个电脉冲，并且对所得数字进行计算，这表明所测定的目标浓度的相对浓度。 光学系统使得激发光脉冲和发射的光脉冲最小化进入发射光通道的散射激发光的量并且控制投影到光电倍增管上的图像的位置和尺寸以稳定其输出信号。 光管和输出透镜在空间上对激发光掩模的图像进行空间积分，并将该光聚焦在PIN二极管上，使得电弧的跳舞图像不会从PIN二极管的表面漂移并使其输出信号失稳。 流动池流体内容物的作用在空间上整合荧光，从而有助于稳定光电倍增管的输出。

    Light absorbers
    96.
    发明授权
    Light absorbers 失效
    吸光材料

    公开(公告)号：US4607915A

    公开(公告)日：1986-08-26

    申请号：US640351

    申请日：1984-08-13

    Applicant: Martin T. Cole

    Inventor： Martin T. Cole

    IPC: G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G08B17/10 ,  G08B17/103 ,  G08B17/107 ,  G02B5/02

    CPC classification number: G08B17/107 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G08B17/113 ,  G01N2201/064

    Abstract: A light absorber for use in a sampling tube used with sensitive optical pollution detectors the light absorber including a central light receiving conical surface inclined by at least one annular truncated conical surface to provide at least one annular groove or valley surrounding the central cone and wherein one wall of the groove or valley is undercut to shade the base of the groove or valley from direct impinging light.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于与灵敏光学污染检测器一起使用的采样管的光吸收器，所述光吸收器包括由至少一个环形截锥形表面倾斜的中心光接收锥形表面，以提供围绕中心锥体的至少一个环形槽或谷，其中一个 槽或谷的壁被切下，以使凹槽或谷的底部不受直接撞击光的影响。

    Dual collector optical flaw detector
    97.
    发明授权
    Dual collector optical flaw detector 失效
    双收集器光学缺陷探测器

    公开(公告)号：US4597665A

    公开(公告)日：1986-07-01

    申请号：US610101

    申请日：1984-05-14

    Applicant: Lee K. Galbraith ,  Karel Urbanek

    Inventor： Lee K. Galbraith ,  Karel Urbanek

    IPC: G01N21/88 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/894 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/95 ,  G01N21/956 ,  G01N21/00

    CPC classification number: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J1/0455 ,  G01N21/894 ,  G01N21/94 ,  G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/112

    Abstract: A flaw detector for optically transmissive surfaces having a first light collector above the surface and a second light collector below the surface. A scanning light beam is directed into the first light collector through a beam entrance aperture and only light scattered from the surface is collected. Light specularly reflected from the surface exits the collector through the beam entrance aperture. Similarly, light passing through the surface enters the second collector, but the axial beam component is dumped through an opening in the second collector, while only diffracted light is collected. Preferably, two-stage light collectors are used with the first stage admitting the beam and generating a scattered or diffracted beam component, with the second stage admitting the scattered or diffracted beam component and integrating the component over a collection surface and sampling the integrated portion at a photoelectric detector. An electrical output signal from the detector may be displayed.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于光学透射表面的探伤仪，其具有在表面上方的第一光收集器和在该表面下方的第二光收集器。 扫描光束通过光束入射孔被引导到第一光收集器中，并且仅收集从表面散射的光。 从表面镜面反射的光通过光束入射孔离开收集器。 类似地，穿过表面的光进入第二集电器，但是轴向光束分量通过第二收集器中的开口倾倒，而仅收集衍射光。 优选地，使用两级集光器，其中第一阶段允许光束并产生散射或衍射光束分量，其中第二阶段允许散射或衍射的光束分量并将分量集成在集合表面上，并将集成部分采样 光电探测器。 可以显示来自检测器的电输出信号。

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