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公开(公告)号：US4383911A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-17
申请号：US261756
申请日：1981-05-08
Applicant: Minoru Morita , Shimio Sato , Takao Hashimoto , Yoji Kitaoka
Inventor： Minoru Morita , Shimio Sato , Takao Hashimoto , Yoji Kitaoka
CPC classification number: C10G1/083 , B01J19/242 , B01J3/042 , C10G1/065 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00087 , B01J2219/00132 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00164
Abstract: A process for directly liquefying coal in a reactor including a preheating section and a reaction section, each having a plurality of pressure-resistant vertical pipes, comprises introducing into the preheating section a paste consisting of finely divided coal, catalyst and heavy oil. In the preheating section the paste is heated to a temperature of 380.degree. to 410.degree. C. and preheated hydrogen is blown into each pipe to create a velocity of Reynolds number equal to at least 3.times.10.sup.3 and an axial dispersion coefficient of not more than 0.05. The preheated paste and hydrogen are forwarded to the reaction section where they are heated to a temperature of 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. and further hydrogen is introduced into each pipe of the reaction section to maintain the velocity and axial dispersion values and a high partial pressure of hydrogen. The total quantity of hydrogen introduced is 1 to 3 times the stoichiometric value.
Abstract translation: 在包括预热部分和反应部分的反应器中直接液化煤的方法，每个具有多个耐压垂直管，包括将由细碎的煤，催化剂和重油组成的浆料引入预热部分。 在预热部分中，将该糊料加热至380-410℃的温度，并将预热的氢气吹入每个管道中以产生雷诺数等于至少3×10 3的速度，轴向分散系数不大于0.05。 将预热的糊料和氢气送入反应部分，在那里将它们加热到400-500℃的温度，并且将进一步的氢气引入反应部分的每个管中，以保持速度和轴向分散值和高的部分 氢气压力。 导入的氢的总量是化学计量值的1〜3倍。
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92.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4296221A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-20
申请号：US135122
申请日：1980-03-28
Applicant: Helmut Bauer
Inventor： Helmut Bauer
CPC classification number: B01J3/04 , C08F10/02 , Y10S526/918
Abstract: The gas to be polymerized is introduced into the working zone of a high pressure piston compressor and is compressed in timed relation to a pressure suitable for the polymerization. The gas temperature suitable for the polymerization process at the end of the compression stroke is set by cooling or heating the gas before the gas enters the compressor. The catalyst or initiator activating the polymerization is introduced into the working zone of the compressor during the compression stroke or after completion thereof, e.g. with the aid of a controlled injection valve. The gas containing the polymer and expanded approximately to the initial pressure is passed out of the compressor into a separator and is here freed from the polymer, while the residual gas is re-cycled to the compressor by means of a blower. For the polymerization of high-pressure polyethylene, the gas is compressed to a final pressure of about 2500 kg/cm.sup.2 at a temperature of about 130.degree. C. in the working zone of the compressor before introduction of the catalyst. The compressor may operate in a two-stroke or four-stroke cycle.
Abstract translation: 待聚合的气体被引入到高压活塞式压缩机的工作区域中，并以适于聚合的压力的时间关系被压缩。 通过在气体进入压缩机之前冷却或加热气体来设定在压缩行程结束时适合聚合过程的气体温度。 活化聚合的催化剂或引发剂在压缩冲程期间或其完成之后被引入压缩机的工作区域，例如， 借助于受控的注射阀。 含有聚合物并且大约膨胀到初始压力的气体从压缩机中排出到分离器中，并且在此脱离聚合物，而残余气体通过鼓风机重新循环到压缩机。 对于高压聚乙烯的聚合，在引入催化剂之前，在压缩机的工作区域内，在约130℃的温度下将气体压缩至约2500kg / cm2的最终压力。 压缩机可以在二冲程或四冲程循环中操作。
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公开(公告)号：US4290999A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US90259
申请日：1979-11-01
Applicant: Minoru Morita , Shimio Sato , Takao Hashimoto , Yoji Kitaoka
Inventor： Minoru Morita , Shimio Sato , Takao Hashimoto , Yoji Kitaoka
CPC classification number: C10G1/083 , B01J19/242 , B01J3/042 , C10G1/065 , B01J2219/00065 , B01J2219/00087 , B01J2219/00132 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00164
Abstract: In a process for directly liquefying coal, a paste consisting of finely divided coal, catalyst and heavy oil can be treated for thermal cracking and hydrocracking with a high liquid/space ratio and short residence time in a preheating section and a reaction section. An apparatus threfor comprises a plural number of pipe units having apertures for hydrogen injection and apertures for the paste of a low concentration or heavy oil injection and a gas-liquid separator for removing H.sub.2 O, methane, etc., the pipe units being formed in such a manner that a Reynolds number of 3.times.10.sup.3 or greater and an axial dispersion coefficient of 0.05 or smaller are achieved for the fluid flow therein.
Abstract translation: 在直接液化煤的方法中，可以将由精细分散的煤，催化剂和重油组成的糊状物在预热段和反应段中以高液体/空间比和较短的停留时间进行热裂解和加氢裂化处理。 一种装置包括多个具有用于氢气注入的孔的管单元和用于低浓度或重油注入的浆料的孔，以及用于除去H 2 O，甲烷等的气液分离器，其中形成的管单元 其中流体流动达到雷诺数为3×10 3或更大，轴向分散系数为0.05或更小的方式。
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公开(公告)号：US4236961A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US917015
申请日：1979-07-25
Applicant: Frank B. Green
Inventor： Frank B. Green
Abstract: Lignocellulose is pulped batchwise by introducing it and the white liquor in predetermined quantity, together with a variable quantity of black liquor, into a continuously steam pressurized digester. When the cooking cycle has been completed, the pulp product is withdrawn. The time intervals of feed material introduction and pulp product withdrawal are correlated to insure that all of the lignocellulose charged to the digester is cooked uniformly, as by withdrawing the pulp product over a time interval which is substantially equal to the feed time. For economy and efficiency of operation, the digester preferably is operated in conjunction with one or more companion digesters to which it is connected. The first digester then is blown while a second digester is charged, making possible transfer of hot pressurized black liquor from the former to the latter.
Abstract translation: 将木质纤维素通过将其预定量的白液与可变量的黑液一起引入连续蒸汽加压的消化器中分批制浆。 当烹饪周期完成时，纸浆产品被取出。 饲料引入和纸浆产品抽出的时间间隔相关，以确保所有装入蒸煮器的木质纤维素均匀地被烹调，如通过在基本上等于进料时间的时间间隔内取出纸浆产物。 为了经济和操作的效率，优选地，蒸煮器与其连接的一个或多个伴生消化器一起操作。 然后在第二个消化器被充电的同时吹第一个消化器，从而可以将热的加压黑液从前者转移到后者。
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公开(公告)号：US4235841A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-25
申请号：US13436
申请日：1979-02-21
Applicant: Franz X. Zimmerman
Inventor： Franz X. Zimmerman
IPC: B01J3/04
CPC classification number: B01J3/04
Abstract: The high pressure furnace comprises a cylindrical pressure vessel with front and rear pressure closures. An electrical heating element is supported within the interior of the pressure furnace. The front closure supports a relatively thin-walled inner container opening only to an aperture in the front closure. A small closure plugs the aperture. A reaction frame secures the various closures. Blanket gases are introduced into the furnace chamber and process gases into the process chamber defined by the interior of the inner container. Means are provided for minimizing the pressure difference across the inner container to enable it to maintain its original shape.
Abstract translation: 高压炉包括具有前后压力封闭件的圆柱形压力容器。 电加热元件支撑在压力炉的内部。 前封闭件支撑相对薄壁的内部容器，仅在前盖中的开口处开口。 一个小封口插入孔。 反应框架固定各种封闭件。 毯子气体被引入炉室并将气体加工到由内部容器的内部限定的处理室中。 提供了用于最小化跨过内部容器的压力差以使其能够保持其原始形状的装置。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4235592A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-25
申请号：US70674
申请日：1979-08-29
Applicant: Charles W. Smith, Jr. , Franz X. Zimmerman
Inventor： Charles W. Smith, Jr. , Franz X. Zimmerman
CPC classification number: B30B11/002 , B22F3/15 , F27B5/04
Abstract: An apparatus for treating a workpiece at elevated temperatures and pressures comprising an elongate cylindrical pressure vessel. Within the pressure vessel a hearth sits upon a pedestal. Surrounding the pedestal and the workspace immediately thereabove is an insulated furnace enclosure. A cavity near the base of the pedestal defines an impeller chamber. An impeller is positioned in the chamber and has a downwardly extending drive shaft. The impeller circulates the pressurized atmosphere. A remotely actuated gate directs the circulating atmosphere to either circulate totally within the furnace enclosure or partially within the furnace enclosure and partially along the interior wall of the pressure vessel.
Abstract translation: 一种用于在升高的温度和压力下处理工件的装置，包括细长的圆柱形压力容器。 在压力容器内，炉膛位于基座上。 周围的基座和工作区在上面是一个绝缘的炉壳。 在基座的基部附近的空腔限定了叶轮室。 叶轮位于腔室中并具有向下延伸的驱动轴。 叶轮循环加压气氛。 远程致动的门引导循环气体完全在炉壳内或部分地在炉壳内循环，部分地沿着压力容器的内壁循环。
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公开(公告)号：US4234543A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-18
申请号：US955530
申请日：1978-10-30
Applicant: Edwin Matovich
Inventor： Edwin Matovich
CPC classification number: B01J19/122 , B01J3/042
Abstract: A high-temperature, fluid-wall chemical reactor can be equipped with a variable profile, counterflow heat exchanger and a reaction product control system. The heat exchanger includes two tubular walls, positioned concentric of one another, and a spiral baffle disposed between the two walls to define a spiral, annular coolant channel. The walls and baffle are made of a refractory material. The heat exchanger has an inlet and an outlet to permit a coolant to be circulated through the coolant channel. The reaction product control system includes a reaction product analyzer and means for withdrawing and transferring samples of reaction product exiting the reactor. The reaction product analyzer can receive samples of reaction product and generate a signal corresponding to deviations between the chemical composition of the product and a preselected composition. The control system also includes a reactor temperature controller to vary a temperature of the reactor in response to the signal from the reaction product analyzer to reduce the deviations.
Abstract translation: 高温，流体壁化学反应器可配备可变型，逆流式热交换器和反应产物控制系统。 热交换器包括彼此同心定位的两个管状壁和设置在两个壁之间以限定螺旋形环形冷却剂通道的螺旋挡板。 墙壁和挡板由耐火材料制成。 热交换器具有允许冷却剂通过冷却剂通道循环的入口和出口。 反应产物控制系统包括反应产物分析器和用于抽出和转移离开反应器的反应产物样品的装置。 反应产物分析仪可以接收反应产物的样品并产生对应于产物的化学成分与预选组合物之间的偏差的信号。 控制系统还包括反应器温度控制器，以响应于来自反应产物分析仪的信号来改变反应器的温度以减少偏差。
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公开(公告)号：US4221763A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-09
申请号：US937891
申请日：1978-08-29
Applicant: Marvin I. Greene
Inventor： Marvin I. Greene
CPC classification number: F28F9/0275 , B01J19/2425 , B01J3/04 , B01J3/048 , C10G1/06 , F28D7/1607 , F28F9/0241 , B01J2219/0002 , B01J2219/00155 , B01J2219/185 , B01J2219/1943 , F28D2021/0075
Abstract: A high pressure, high temperature reactor device having a pair of spaced tube sheets for supporting a tube nest, one tube sheet being formed with a bellows to compensate for expansion and contraction of the tube nest longitudinally during temperature changes and the second tube sheet supporting the opposite end tubes of the tube nest, with injector tubes mating with each reactor tube and projecting through the reactor shell.
Abstract translation: 一种高压高温反应器装置，其具有一对用于支撑管座的间隔开的管板，一个管板形成有波纹管，以在温度变化期间纵向补偿管座的膨胀和收缩，并且第二管板支撑 管座的相对端管，其中注射器管与每个反应器管配合并且突出通过反应器壳。
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99.发明授权Apparatus for iso- or terephthalic acid production in and recovery from benzoic acid-water solvent system 失效用于异苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸生产和从苯甲酸 - 水溶剂体系中回收的装置
公开(公告)号：US4185073A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-22
申请号：US819101
申请日：1977-07-26
Applicant: David R. Marsh , Leonard E. Stark
Inventor： David R. Marsh , Leonard E. Stark
IPC: B01J3/04 , C07C51/265 , C07C51/42 , B01J1/00
CPC classification number: C07C51/42 , B01J3/04 , C07C51/265 , B01J2219/185
Abstract: Continuous production of iso- or terephthalic acid in a stirred reaction zone by catalytic air oxidation of m- or p-xylene in the presence of a benzoic acid-water liquid solvent system at constant gauge pressure within the range of 7 to 21 kg/cm.sup.2 wherein oxidation temperature within the range of 175.degree. to 235.degree. C. is maintained substantially constant by the novel control thereof by only varying the flow rate of water condensate reflux to the oxidation zone. The invention further pertains to novel means for achieving such temperature control.Also, the present invention relates to a novel continuous recovery of the phthalic acid product from the fluid effluent of said continuous process by a process wherein crystalline phthalic acid product is separated from essentially water-free benzoic acid mother liquor; the crystalline product is successively washed with liquid benzoic acid and the corresponding xylene; the washed product is dried; and the water removed from said fluid effluent, the benzoic acid and xylene wash liquors, xylene recovered from product drying, and a major proportion of the benzoic acid mother liquor are charged to the oxidation process.The invention further relates to a novel combination of apparatus for the continuous conduct of said oxidation and recovery processes.
Abstract translation: 在苯甲酸 - 水液体溶剂系统的存在下，在7至21kg / cm2范围内的恒定表压下，在搅拌的反应区中连续生产异构体或对苯二甲酸，通过m-或对二甲苯的催化空气氧化 其中在175℃至235℃范围内的氧化温度通过仅通过改变水冷凝物回流到氧化区的流速的新颖控制来保持基本恒定。 本发明还涉及用于实现这种温度控制的新颖手段。 此外，本发明涉及通过其中结晶邻苯二甲酸产物与基本上无水的苯甲酸母液分离的方法从所述连续方法的流体流出物中连续回收邻苯二甲酸产物; 结晶产物依次用液体苯甲酸和相应的二甲苯洗涤; 将洗涤的产品干燥; 并从所述流体流出物中除去水，将苯甲酸和二甲苯洗涤液，从产物干燥回收的二甲苯和主要比例的苯甲酸母液加入到氧化过程中。 本发明还涉及用于连续进行所述氧化和回收过程的装置的新颖组合。
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100.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4177240A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US814169
申请日：1977-07-08
Applicant: Alberto Dal Bianco
Inventor： Alberto Dal Bianco
Abstract: The present invention concerns a reactor of the tubular type, with a high heat exchange, for the catalytic production under high pressure of alpha-olefine polymers and copolymers, in particular polymers and copolymers of ethylene.More particularly, the tubular reactor of this invention consists of three coaxially arranged tubes, distanced from each other in such a way as to create between the outer tube and the intermediate an annular interspace suited for the circulation of the refrigerating fluid and between the intermediate tube, sized for very high pressures, and the innermost tube an interspace that will form the exothermic reaction zone proper, said innermost tube being of the low-pressure type and forming the preheating zone of the process fluid, fed in under pressure from the outside by the action of the reaction heat that develops inside said intermediate tube, said preheating zone extending up to over half the length of the reactor and, at the end of it, defining the reaction starting zone that is the feeding zone of the catalyst or the like, means for the control of the temperature in said reaction starting zone through the immission of fresh process fluid into the reaction starting zone itself, said process fluid having been drawn from the inlet of the reactor or, by the recycling, into the inlet of the reactor, of process fluid drawn from the end of the preheating zone and refrigerated, as well as means for balancing the pressures between said reaction zone and said preheating zone.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种具有高热交换的管式反应器，用于在α-烯烃聚合物和共聚物，特别是乙烯的聚合物和共聚物的高压下的催化生产。 更具体地说，本发明的管状反应器由三个同轴布置的管组成，彼此间隔开，以便在外管和中间体之间形成适于冷却流体循环的环形空间，并且在中间管 尺寸适于非常高的压力，并且最内管形成将形成放热反应区的空间，所述最内管是低压型，并且形成处理流体的预热区，在加压下由外部加压 在所述中间管内形成的反应热的作用，所述预热区延伸到反应器长度的一半以上，并且在其末端限定作为催化剂等的进料区的反应起始区 所述的方法是通过将新鲜的工艺流体输入到反应起始区本身来控制所述反应起始区的温度 工艺流体已经从反应器的入口抽出，或者通过再循环进入反应器的入口，从预热区的端部抽出并冷却的工艺流体，以及用于平衡所述反应区 和所述预热区。
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