公开(公告)号：US20020170818A1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-21

申请号：US09861804

申请日：2001-05-21

Inventor： Randall J. Miranda

IPC: C10L001/00 ,  C01B031/00 ,  B01J007/00

CPC classification number: C10L1/00 ,  C01B3/042 ,  C01B13/0207 ,  C10J3/18 ,  C10J2200/12 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1659 ,  C10J2300/1684 ,  Y02E60/364

Abstract: A method of converting graphite from solid state to a gaseous state and further processing the gas to produce liquid fuel. The gasification of the graphite is achieved by using electrolysis under seawater.

Abstract translation: 将石墨从固体转化为气态并进一步处理气体以产生液体燃料的方法。 石墨气化是通过在海水下进行电解来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US06419717B2

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09809930

申请日：2001-03-16

Applicant: David Moy ,  Chunming Niu ,  Howard Tennent ,  Robert Hoch

Inventor： David Moy ,  Chunming Niu ,  Howard Tennent ,  Robert Hoch

IPC: C10L112

CPC classification number: B82Y30/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/04 ,  C10L1/1208 ,  C10L10/02 ,  C10L10/08 ,  C10M113/02 ,  C10M125/02 ,  C10M2201/041 ,  C10N2220/082 ,  C10N2220/086 ,  C10N2230/02 ,  C10N2230/28 ,  C10N2230/30 ,  C10N2230/54 ,  C10N2240/40 ,  Y10S977/742 ,  Y10S977/782 ,  Y10S977/787 ,  Y10S977/842

Abstract: Improved fuel compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01% to 30.0% by weight of fuel have improved bum rate and other valuable properties. Improved lubricant compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01 to 20.0% by weight of lubricant have improved viscosity and other valuable properties.

Abstract translation: 含有0.01重量％至30.0重量％燃料的碳纳米管的改进的燃料组合物具有改善的烧成率和其它有价值的性能。 含有0.01至20.0重量％润滑剂中的碳纳米管的改进的润滑剂组合物具有改进的粘度和其它有价值的性质。

公开(公告)号：US5653865A

公开(公告)日：1997-08-05

申请号：US553900

申请日：1995-11-06

Applicant: Mace T. Miyasaki

Inventor： Mace T. Miyasaki

IPC: B08B9/093 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/32 ,  C10G17/00

CPC classification number: C10G1/00 ,  B08B9/0933 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/32

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting crude oil tank bottoms to a liquid fuel, which uses a powered cutting tool to break up crude oil sludge contained in an oil storage tank bottom, with injection of cutter stock to facilitate break up of the sludge, an extraction pump to extract the sludge mixture comminution chamber and optional added cutter stock to reduce the particle size of solids to a uniform size range, to form a blend stock, which can be used to dilute a liquid fuel in an amount that will not adversely affect its product specification, whereby substantially all of the fuel value of the sludge is recovered.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将原油罐底部转换成液体燃料的方法和装置，其使用动力切割工具来分解储油罐底部中包含的原油污泥，注入切割器料以便于污泥的分解，提取 泵以提取污泥混合物粉碎室和任选的添加的切割机料以将固体的粒度减小到均匀的尺寸范围，以形成共混料，其可用于稀释液体燃料，其量将不会不利地影响其 产品规格，从而基本上全部回收污泥的燃料值。

公开(公告)号：US5611824A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-18

申请号：US668030

申请日：1996-06-18

Applicant: William D. Stephens

Inventor： William D. Stephens

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L7/02

CPC classification number: C10L7/02 ,  C10L1/00 ,  Y10S977/948

Abstract: This invention involves a process for achieving more energetic fuels by ug high density fullerenes and fullerene derivatives, mixed with liquid hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative fuels. The advantages of the these materials are that they constitute a form of high density carbon which will evaporate or sublime quite easily by comparison to particles of carbon. The fullerenes, or derivatives of fullerenes, exist as molecules which are relatively volatile. These materials are generally solids and therefore easily compounded into hydrocarbon fuels slurries. The derivatives can be tailored for high solubility in hydrocarbon solvents. In addition, the fullerenes can be modified easily to adjust the oxidization susceptibility so that the residence time in the combustion zone can be shortened even further.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过使用与液体烃或烃衍生物燃料混合的高密度富勒烯和富勒烯衍生物来实现更高能燃料的方法。 这些材料的优点在于，它们构成高密度碳的形式，与碳颗粒相比，它们将相当容易地蒸发或升华。 富勒烯或富勒烯的衍生物作为相对挥发性的分子存在。 这些材料通常是固体，因此容易地混合成烃燃料浆料。 衍生物可以在烃溶剂中适应高溶解度。 此外，可以容易地修饰富勒烯以调节氧化敏感性，使得可以进一步缩短在燃烧区中的停留时间。

公开(公告)号：US5558686A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US138943

申请日：1993-10-19

Applicant: William A. Lavelle, IV

Inventor： William A. Lavelle, IV

IPC: C10L1/00

CPC classification number: C10L1/00

Abstract: Methods for producing a combustible fuel product from a biological sludge are provided. A removable bulking agent is mixed with the sludge and the mixture aerobically composted under conditions effective to substantially reduce the level of pathogenic microorganisms and provide a fuel product with a heating value of about 3,800 Btu/lb after removal of the bulking agent.

Abstract translation: 提供了从生物污泥生产可燃燃料的方法。 在有效地大大降低致病微生物水平的条件下，将可移除的填充剂与污泥和有氧化肥混合，并且在除去填充剂之后提供热值约为3,800Btu / lb的燃料产品。

公开(公告)号：US5284984A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-08

申请号：US998807

申请日：1992-12-29

Applicant: Ralph M. Dessau ,  Quang N. Le ,  Samuel A. Tabak ,  Robert T. Thomson

Inventor： Ralph M. Dessau ,  Quang N. Le ,  Samuel A. Tabak ,  Robert T. Thomson

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/223 ,  C07C5/02 ,  C07C5/22

CPC classification number: C10L10/10 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/221 ,  C10L1/223

Abstract: A method for upgrading an aromatics-containing charge composition boiling in the gasoline boiling range comprises i) contacting the charge composition with a nitrating agent under nitrating conditions to form a product comprising nitrated aromatics; ii) hydrogenating a feed containing the product of i) under conditions sufficient to substantially reduce the nitro group of the nitrated aromatics so as to form a product comprising aromatic amines, water and heavy amines; and iii) removing the water and heavy amines from the product of step ii) to provide a gasoline boiling range product of an octane rating greater than the charge composition.

Abstract translation: 一种用于升级汽油沸程沸腾的含芳烃的电荷组分的方法包括：i）在硝化条件下使电荷组合物与硝化剂接触以形成包含硝化芳族化合物的产物; ii）在足以基本上还原硝化芳族化合物的硝基的条件下氢化含有i）产物的进料，以形成包含芳族胺，水和重胺的产物; 和iii）从步骤ii）的产物中除去水和重胺，以提供辛烷值等于大于电荷组成的汽油沸程产物。

公开(公告)号：US5139589A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-18

申请号：US731543

申请日：1991-07-17

Applicant: Joerg Hartmanns

Inventor： Joerg Hartmanns

IPC: C06B27/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/12 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C06B27/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/10 ,  C10L1/1216 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  C10L1/125 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/188

Abstract: A fuel for use independently of atmospheric air by reaction with an oxidizer, has a metal hydride as a solid fuel component mixed into an inert liquid fuel component and 1.5 to 5.0 weight percent of a stearate as part of the solid fuel component. The liquid fuel component is preferably an easy flowing paraffin into which the stearate and the solid fuel component are mixed to form a liquified fuel that will react with a liquid oxidizer. The mixing is preferably performed at a temperature above 100.degree. C. and at a reduced pressure less than 10.sup.5 Pa.

Abstract translation: 作为与氧化剂反应的独立于大气的燃料，在固体燃料成分中作为固体燃料成分混入惰性液体燃料成分和1.5〜5.0重量％的硬脂酸盐中。 液体燃料组分优选是容易流动的石蜡，其中将硬脂酸盐和固体燃料组分混合以形成将与液体氧化剂反应的液化燃料。 混合优选在高于100℃的温度下和小于105Pa的减压下进行。

公开(公告)号：US5000099A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-19

申请号：US290368

申请日：1988-12-29

Applicant: Norman L. Dickinson

Inventor： Norman L. Dickinson

IPC: C02F11/08 ,  C10L1/00 ,  F01K3/18 ,  F02C3/26 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C10/16 ,  F23C99/00 ,  F23K1/00

CPC classification number: F23C99/00 ,  C02F11/086 ,  C10L1/00 ,  F01K3/188 ,  F02C3/26 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23C10/16 ,  F23K1/00 ,  F23C2206/101 ,  F23G2201/603 ,  F23G2201/80 ,  Y02T50/672

Abstract: A fuels conversion which consumes energy and produces an aqueous waste is combined with a pressurized wet combustion which charges the waste, converting its combustible contaminants to energy returned to the conversion, concurrently purifying the waste for use or disposal. The heating value of the contaminants may be supplemented by an extraneous fuel, using the waste as slurrying medium, so that the combination is made energy self-sufficient. Transfer of heat may be by direct contact between hot combustion products and fuel being converted. Other processes which produce aqueous waste and consume energy may similarly be combined with the wet combustion.

Abstract translation: 将能量消耗并产生含水废物的燃料转化与加压的湿式燃烧相结合，其对废物进行充电，将其可燃性污染物转化为能量返回到转化，同时净化废物以供使用或处置。 污染物的热值可以由外部燃料补充，使用废物作为制浆介质，使得组合使能量自给自足。 热转移可能是通过热燃烧产物和正在转化的燃料之间的直接接触。 产生含水废物和消耗能量的其它方法可类似地与湿式燃烧结合。

公开(公告)号：US4632675A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-30

申请号：US640012

申请日：1984-08-10

Applicant: Geoffrey Davies ,  Ahmed El-Toukhy

Inventor： Geoffrey Davies ,  Ahmed El-Toukhy

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/182 ,  C10L1/185 ,  C10L1/222 ,  C10L1/223 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/2222 ,  C10L1/223

Abstract: Coal liquid fractions to be used as fuels are stabilized against gum formation and viscosity increases during storage, permitting the fuel to be burned as is, without further expensive treatments to remove gums or gum-forming materials. Stabilization is accomplished by addition of cyclohexanol or other simple inexpensive secondary and tertiary alcohols, secondary and tertiary amines, and ketones to such coal liquids at levels of 5-25% by weight with respect to the coal liquid being treated. Cyclohexanol is a particularly effective and cost-efficient stabilizer. Other stabilizers are isopropanol, diphenylmethanol, tertiary butanol, dipropylamine, triethylamine, diphenylamine, ethylmethylketone, cyclohexanone, methylphenylketone, and benzophenone. Experimental data indicate that stabilization is achieved by breaking hydrogen bonds between phenols in the coal liquid, thereby preventing or retarding oxidative coupling.

Abstract translation: 用作燃料的煤液体馏分在保存期间稳定，防止胶体形成并且粘度增加，允许燃料按原样燃烧，而不需要进一步昂贵的处理以除去树胶或成胶材料。 相对于被处理的煤液，以5-25重量％的量将环己醇或其它简单便宜的仲醇和叔醇，仲胺和叔胺和酮加入这种煤液中来实现稳定化。 环己醇是一种特别有效且具有成本效益的稳定剂。 其他稳定剂是异丙醇，二苯基甲醇，叔丁醇，二丙胺，三乙胺，二苯胺，乙基甲基酮，环己酮，甲基苯基酮和二苯甲酮。 实验数据表明，通过破坏煤液中酚类之间的氢键来实现稳定化，从而防止或延缓氧化偶联。

公开(公告)号：US4541837A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US207616

申请日：1980-11-17

Applicant: John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

Inventor： John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

IPC: F02M25/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/026

Abstract: The invention concerns a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temperature of less than 450.degree. C. The further organic compound is(1) a compound which contains one or more oxygen atoms but no nitrogen atoms, with the proviso that, (1.1) the compound is not a dialkoxy compound of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 indicate hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms; or(2) a compound which contains one or more nitrate groups and one or more ether linkages, or(3) a nitrogen-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, tetrazines, nitroso compounds, nitro compounds, nitrates, and hyponitrites, with the proviso that component (B) is not entirely a linear or branched-chain alkyl nitrate containing between 2 and 8 carbon atoms.There are the provisos that, when the alcohol is methanol, the component (B) is not(a) a polyether of the general formula R[O(A).sub.n H]m wherein R represents hydrogen or a residue of an organic compound, which is built up of hydrogen and carbon and optionally oxygen and which has from 1 to 12 hydrogen atoms, which can be reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; A represents independently of each other a group derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; m is a number from 1-12, and n has such a value that the total number of units derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide is 4-400, and is not(b) a polyether soluble in methanol and which contains 4-400 oxyalkylene units, derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, wherein said oxyalkylene units constitute at least 40 percent by weight of the polyether.