公开(公告)号：US20170098752A1

公开(公告)日：2017-04-06

申请号：US15126125

申请日：2014-05-12

Applicant: SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MICROSYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Inventor： LIXING YOU ,  HAO LI ,  XIAOYAN YANG ,  WEIJUN ZHANG ,  ZHEN WANG

IPC: H01L39/16 ,  G01J1/44

CPC classification number: H01L39/16 ,  G01J1/0433 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2005/208 ,  G02B5/28 ,  H01L27/144 ,  H01L31/02165 ,  H01L31/02327 ,  H01L31/09 ,  H01L39/02 ,  H01L39/10

Abstract: A method and a device for reducing the extrinsic dark count of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD), it comprises the steps of: integrating a multi-layer film filter on the superconducting nanowire single photon detector; the multi-layer film filter is a device implemented by a multi-layer dielectric film and having a band-pass filtering function. The extrinsic dark count is the dark count triggered by optical fiber blackbody radiance and external stray light. The superconducting nanowire single photon detector comprises: a substrate having an upper surface integrated with an upper anti-reflection layer and a lower surface integrated with a lower anti-reflection layer; an optical cavity structure; a superconducting nanowire; and a reflector. The present invention is easy to operate, and only needs to integrate the multi-layer film filter on the substrate of the SNSPD to filter non-signal radiation.

公开(公告)号：US09596421B1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-14

申请号：US14158511

申请日：2014-01-17

Applicant: Princeton Lightwave, Inc.

Inventor： Mark Allen Itzler

IPC: H04N5/369 ,  H04N5/378

CPC classification number: H04N5/335 ,  G01J1/0411 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01T1/247 ,  H04N5/33

Abstract: A method for computing the intensity of light incident on a photodiode capable detecting single photons comprises using arrival-time statistics for a plurality of detected single photons. The statistics are based on the determination of the arrival time for each detected photon relative to the beginning of a detection period within an image frame in which the photon is detected. In some embodiments, Poisson statistics are applied to the computation of the intensity. By computing the intensity of light in this manner for each of plurality of single-photon photodetectors that compose a focal plane array, a high-contrast image of a scene can be developed.

Abstract translation: 用于计算入射到能够检测单个光子的光电二极管上的光的强度的方法包括使用多个检测到的单个光子的到达时间统计。 统计数据基于每个检测到的光子相对于其中检测到光子的图像帧内的检测周期的开始的到达时间的确定。 在一些实施例中，泊松统计量被应用于强度的计算。 通过以构成焦平面阵列的多个单光子检测器中的每一个的方式计算光的强度，可以开发场景的高对比度图像。

公开(公告)号：US20160377546A1

公开(公告)日：2016-12-29

申请号：US15192345

申请日：2016-06-24

Applicant: TissueVision, Inc.

Inventor： Timothy Ragan ,  Elijah Yew

IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G02B21/36 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G02B21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/6458 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4453 ,  G01N1/06 ,  G01N21/6486 ,  G02B21/0032 ,  G02B21/004 ,  G02B21/0048 ,  G02B21/006 ,  G02B21/0076 ,  G02B21/0096 ,  G02B21/361 ,  G02B2207/114

Abstract: Multi-foci multiphoton imaging systems and methods are provided herein which advantageously implement an excitation system that avoids aberrations and a restricted field of view while utilizing a non-descanned detection system with interlaced scanning that reduces crosstalk and provides for improved imaging of tissue. The non-descanned detection system can employ a high-efficiency fiber coupled detection.

Abstract translation: 本文提供了多焦点多光子成像系统和方法，其有利地实现了避免像差和受限视场的激励系统，同时利用具有减少串扰并提供组织改进成像的具有隔行扫描的非下行检测系统。 非下行检测系统可以采用高效光纤耦合检测。

公开(公告)号：US20150364635A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-17

申请号：US14764550

申请日：2014-01-30

Applicant: Malvern Instruments Limited

Inventor： Roland BODLOVIC ,  Gerald COOK ,  Robert JACK

IPC: H01L31/107

CPC classification number: H01L31/107 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466 ,  H01L31/024 ,  H04B10/6911

Abstract: A single photon counting apparatus comprising a SPAD and a controller. The controller is operable to vary the operating parameters of the SPAD during use in response to a count rate detected by the SPAD. The operating parameters comprising at least one of the voltage across the SPAD during an active period, the voltage across the SPAD during a quench period, the duration of the quench period and the temperature of the SPAD. Particle characterisation instruments comprising the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 包括SPAD和控制器的单个光子计数装置。 控制器可操作以响应于由SPAD检测到的计数速率而在使用期间改变SPAD的操作参数。 操作参数包括在激活期间SPAD两端的电压中的至少一个，在骤冷期间SPAD两端的电压，骤冷周期的持续时间和SPAD的温度。 还公开了包括该装置的颗粒表征仪器。

公开(公告)号：US08669512B2

公开(公告)日：2014-03-11

申请号：US13338386

申请日：2011-12-28

Applicant: Amir Nevet ,  Alex Hayat ,  Meir Orenstein

Inventor： Amir Nevet ,  Alex Hayat ,  Meir Orenstein

IPC: H01J40/14

CPC classification number: G01J11/00 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J9/02 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466 ,  G01J2009/0211

Abstract: A system for measuring one or more characteristics of light of a photon energy Eph from a light source, that can be determined from measuring three-photon absorption events, the system comprising: a) a detector having a band gap material characterized by gap energy between 2.1 and 3 times Eph; b) an optical element configured to concentrate a beam of light from the light source on the detector; c) a signal amplifier that amplifies an output signal indicative of when three photons produced by the light source undergo a three-photon absorption event in the band gap material; and d) an analyzer that analyzes the output signal to count or measure a rate of the three-photon absorption events, and determines the one or more characteristics of the light from the light source.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量来自光源的光子能量Eph的光的一个或多个特性的系统，其可以通过测量三光子吸收事件来确定，所述系统包括：a）具有带隙材料的检测器，其特征在于， 2.1倍和3倍Eph; b）光学元件，被配置为将来自光源的光束聚集在检测器上; c）信号放大器，其放大指示由所述光源产生的三个光子何时在所述带隙材料中经历三光子吸收事件的输出信号; 以及d）分析器，其分析输出信号以计数或测量三光子吸收事件的速率，并且确定来自光源的光的一个或多个特性。

公开(公告)号：US20130334434A1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-19

申请号：US13891513

申请日：2013-05-10

Applicant: Princeton Lightwave, Inc.

Inventor： Bruce Mitchell Nyman ,  Mark Allen Itzler

IPC: H01L31/107

CPC classification number: H01L31/107 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  H01L31/02027

Abstract: A single-photon receiver is presented. The receiver comprises two SPADs that are monolithically integrated on the same semiconductor chip. Each SPAD is biased with a substantially identical gating signal. The output signals of the SPADs are combined such that capacitive transients present on each output signal cancel to substantially remove them from the output signal from the receiver.

Abstract translation: 提出了单光子接收器。 接收机包括两个单片集成在同一半导体芯片上的SPAD。 每个SPAD以基本相同的门控信号偏置。 SPAD的输出信号被组合，使得存在于每个输出信号上的电容性瞬变被抵消以从接收器的输出信号基本上将它们移除。

公开(公告)号：US20120230702A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-13

申请号：US13421023

申请日：2012-03-15

Applicant: Zhiliang YUAN ,  Andrew James Shields

Inventor： Zhiliang YUAN ,  Andrew James Shields

IPC: H04B10/08 ,  H01L31/00 ,  G01J1/44

CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466 ,  H04B10/697

Abstract: A photon detection system including a photon detector configured to detect single photons, the photon detector being gated such that it produces a periodic output signal and the gating signal having a frequency of at least 50 MHz. The system further includes a combiner for combining the signal from one period with signals from other periods such that periodic variations in the output signal of the detector are suppressed.

Abstract translation: 一种光子检测系统，包括配置成检测单个光子的光子检测器，所述光子检测器被选通，使得其产生周期性输出信号，并且门控信号具有至少50MHz的频率。 该系统还包括组合器，用于将来自一个周期的信号与来自其它周期的信号相组合，从而抑制检测器的输出信号中的周期性变化。

公开(公告)号：US06940589B1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-06

申请号：US10381370

申请日：2000-09-25

Applicant: Motohiro Suyama ,  Yoshihiko Kawai ,  Tetsuya Morita ,  Koichiro Oba

Inventor： Motohiro Suyama ,  Yoshihiko Kawai ,  Tetsuya Morita ,  Koichiro Oba

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J7/00 ,  G01T1/24

CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4433 ,  G01J2001/444 ,  G01J2001/4466

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus 10 primarily includes: a photon detection unit 12 for detecting incident photons, a time signal output unit 14 for outputting a time signal, and a storage unit 16 for storing the time signal outputted from the time signal output unit 14 when the photon detection unit 12 detects photons. The photon detection unit 12 includes a HPD 24 having a photocathode 24a and an APD 24b, a TZ amplifier 26, a peak holding circuit 28, and an A/D converter 30. The time signal output unit 14 includes a timer 32 and a counter 34. The storage unit 16 includes a comparator 36 and a memory 38. When photons impinge on the HPD 24, a trigger signal is outputted from the comparator 36, causing the photon-number outputted from the A/D converter 30 and the time data outputted from the counter 34 to be stored in the memory 38.

Abstract translation: 光学测量装置10主要包括：用于检测入射光子的光子检测单元12，用于输出时间信号的时间信号输出单元14，以及用于存储从时间信号输出单元14输出的时间信号的存储单元16 光子检测单元12检测光子。 光子检测单元12包括具有光电阴极24a和APD24b，TZ放大器26，峰值保持电路28和A / D转换器30的HPD 24。 时间信号输出单元14包括计时器32和计数器34。 存储单元16包括比较器36和存储器38。 当光子撞击HPD24时，从比较器36输出触发信号，从A / D转换器30输出的光子数和从计数器34输出的时间数据存储在存储器38中。

公开(公告)号：US5812690A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-22

申请号：US104057

申请日：1993-10-01

Applicant: John Lawrence Fordham

Inventor： John Lawrence Fordham

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J11/00 ,  G06T7/60

CPC classification number: G01J1/42 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/448

Abstract: A method is provided for setting up a photon counting detector, to enable it to carry out a centroiding procedure in which a photon event occurring in a given range is allocated to one of a plurality of channels into which the range is divided. The method comprises the steps of: a) sub-dividing the range into a plurality of channels of preferably equal width and loading the channel boundaries into a look-table; b) performing an integration on a flat field and allocating photon events to the channels defined in step a); c) counting the number of events allocated to each channel; d) altering the channel boundaries in directions tending to equalize the number of events allocated to each; and, optionally, e) repeating steps b), c) and d) until the variation between the number of events held by the channels is at an acceptable level.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 00224 Sec。 371日期：1993年10月1日 102（e）日期1993年10月1日PCT提交1992年2月6日PCT公布。 公开号WO92 / 14127 日期1992年8月20日提供了一种用于设置光子计数检测器的方法，以使其能够执行质心过程，其中在给定范围内发生的光子事件被分配给多个通道中的一个，其中范围是 分为。 该方法包括以下步骤：a）将该范围细分成多个优选相等宽度的信道，并将信道边界加载到查表中; b）在平坦场上执行积分并将光子事件分配给步骤a）中定义的通道; c）计算分配给每个频道的事件数; d）改变趋向于均衡分配给每个事件的事件数的方向的通道边界; 并且可选地，e）重复步骤b），c）和d），直到由信道保持的事件数量之间的变化处于可接受的水平。

公开(公告)号：US5459323A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US927504

申请日：1992-09-11

Applicant: Christopher G. Morgan

Inventor： Christopher G. Morgan

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N21/6408 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/448 ,  G01J2001/4493

Abstract: Apparatus for producing decay time weighted information (e.g. a decay time weighted image) of a luminescent sample, comprises an excitation light source arranged to illuminate the sample, means for modulating or pulsing the intensity of the excitation light in a predetermined cyclical manner, detector means for detecting photons emitted by the sample as a result of luminescence, means for storing data representative of detected photons, the stored data being weighted as a function of phase difference between detection of photons and the cyclically varying modulation, and means for producing decay time weighted information from the stored data.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB91 / 00046 Sec。 371日期：1992年9月11日 102（e）1992年9月11日PCT PCT 1991年1月14日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 10897 日期：1991年7月25日。用于制造发光样品的衰减时间加权信息（例如衰减时间加权图像）的装置包括布置成照射样品的激发光源，用于调制或脉冲激发光强度的装置 预定的周期性方式，用于检测作为发光的结果由样品发射的光子的检测器装置，用于存储表示检测到的光子的数据的装置，所存储的数据被加权为光子的检测与循环变化的调制之间的相位差的函数， 以及用于从存储的数据产生衰减时间加权信息的装置。