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    Pour point depressant additive for fuels and lubricants
    141.
    发明授权
    Pour point depressant additive for fuels and lubricants 失效
    用于燃料和润滑剂的倾点下降剂

    公开(公告)号：US4240916A

    公开(公告)日：1980-12-23

    申请号：US704022

    申请日：1976-07-09

    Applicant: Albert Rossi

    Inventor： Albert Rossi

    IPC: C08F210/14 ,  C10L1/196 ,  C10L1/20 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10M145/16 ,  C10M147/04 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M1/26

    CPC classification number: C10M149/06 ,  C08F210/14 ,  C10L1/1966 ,  C10L1/208 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10M145/16 ,  C10M147/04 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/04 ,  C10M2213/06 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10N2270/02

    Abstract: An oil-soluble copolymer, useful as a pour point depressant for lubricating oils, is composed of about equimolar amounts of 1-olefins and maleic anhydride, said 1-olefins being a mixture comprising from about 25 to 75, preferably 30 to 55, mole percent of straight chain C.sub.20 -C.sub.24 1-olefins and from about 25 to 75, preferably 45 to 70, mole percent of C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 1-olefins.These useful copolymers are oil-soluble, essentially free of olefinic unsaturation and have a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 30,000. Pour point depressant activity of said copolymers is enhanced by esterification with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alcohol, e.g. 2-ethyl hexanol.The copolymers are usefully admixed with lubricants in an amount of from 0.01 to 3 wt. % based on the total weight of the admixture.

    Abstract translation: 可用作润滑油的倾点降低剂的油溶性共聚物由约等摩尔量的1-烯烃和马来酸酐组成，所述1-烯烃是包含约25-75摩尔，优选30-55摩尔的混合物 直链C 20 -C 24 1-烯烃的百分比和约25至75，优选45至70摩尔％的C 10 -C 14 1-烯烃。 这些有用的共聚物是油溶性的，基本上不含烯属不饱和键，数均分子量为1,000至30,000。 所述共聚物的倾点下降剂活性通过用C1至C8醇酯化，例如， 2-乙基己醇。 共聚物可有效地与润滑剂混合，其量为0.01至3wt。 基于混合物的总重量的％。

    Stabilized amide-imide graft of ethylene copolymeric additives for lubricants
    142.
    发明授权
    Stabilized amide-imide graft of ethylene copolymeric additives for lubricants 失效
    用于润滑剂的乙烯共聚添加剂的稳定酰胺 - 酰亚胺接枝

    公开(公告)号：US4219432A

    公开(公告)日：1980-08-26

    申请号：US12068

    申请日：1979-02-14

    Applicant: Salvatore J. Girgenti ,  John B. Gardiner

    Inventor： Salvatore J. Girgenti ,  John B. Gardiner

    IPC: C08F8/00 ,  C10L1/236 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M1/32

    CPC classification number: C10M143/02 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/046 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2270/02

    Abstract: Oil-soluble, derivatized ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, e.g. propylene, which are grafted, preferably solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator, with an ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid material and thereafter firstly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a t-amino-amine compound containing only one primary amino group to form imido groups and then secondly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a .alpha.,.omega. primary diamine having at least two primary amine groups, e.g. a poly(alkylene amine) such as diethylene triamine, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric imide, usually succinimide, intermediate and thirdly reacted with an anhydride of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 hydrocarbon substituted acid, preferably acetic anhydride, to yield an oil-soluble stable amide derivative of said polyamine whereby oil solutions of said amide derivative are characterized by minimal viscosity change over an extended period of time. Useful number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of said copolymers range from about 700 to 500,000; however, if the molecular weight is from 10,000 to 500,000 then these copolymers are multifunctional viscosity index improvers of enhanced sludge dispersant activity. It is preferred to treat these derivatized copolymers with oil-soluble hydrocarbyl substituted acids, preferably with long chain alkylaryl sulfonic acids with an average side chain carbon number of about 20-40, to yield haze-free hydrocarbon concentrate useful as an additive solution for lubricating oils.

    Abstract translation: 衍生自约2至98重量％的油溶性衍生乙烯共聚物。 ％乙烯和一种或多种C 3至C 28α-烯烃，例如。 丙烯，优选在惰性气氛下，在升高的温度和高温可分解自由基引发剂的存在下用烯键式不饱和二羧酸材料进行溶液接枝，然后首先与0.1至0.9反应 摩尔当量的仅含有一个伯氨基的t-氨基 - 胺化合物以形成亚氨基，然后与0.1至0.9摩尔当量的具有至少两个伯胺基团的α，ω-伯二胺二次反应，例如 聚（亚烷基胺）如二亚乙基三胺，以形成羧基接枝的聚酰亚胺，通常为琥珀酰亚胺，与C1-C30烃取代的酸，优选乙酸酐的酸酐中间和第三次反应，得到油溶性稳定酰胺 所述多胺的衍生物，其中所述酰胺衍生物的油溶液的特征在于延长的时间段内粘度变化最小。 所述共聚物的有用数均分子量（Mn）为约700至500,000; 然而，如果分子量为10,000至500,000，则这些共聚物是增强污泥分散剂活性的多功能粘度指数改进剂。 优选用油溶性烃基取代的酸，优选具有平均侧链碳数为约20-40的长链烷基芳基磺酸处理这些衍生化的共聚物，以产生无雾的烃浓缩物，其用作润滑的添加剂溶液 油。

    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions
    147.
    发明授权
    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions 失效
    稳定的烃组分

    公开(公告)号：US2800452A

    公开(公告)日：1957-07-23

    申请号：US44291854

    申请日：1954-07-12

    Applicant: SHELL DEV

    Inventor： BONDI ARNOLD A ,  NEWEY HERBERT A

    IPC: C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02

    CPC classification number: C10L10/08 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/2362 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/00 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M2201/083 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/102 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/024 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2207/40 ,  C10M2207/402 ,  C10M2207/404 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2209/101 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/062 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/044 ,  C10M2215/10 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2219/066 ,  C10M2219/082 ,  C10M2219/083 ,  C10M2219/086 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/047 ,  C10M2223/065 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2229/02 ,  C10M2229/041 ,  C10M2229/05 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2230/12 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202 ,  C10N2240/40 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/403 ,  C10N2240/404 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2240/406 ,  C10N2240/407 ,  C10N2240/408 ,  C10N2240/409 ,  C10N2240/62 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C08F220/00 ,  C08F222/10 ,  C08F20/12

    Abstract: Oil-soluble polysubstituted long - chain alkanes, suitable for use as oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals are N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The polysubstituted alkanes, preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000, are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or poly-carboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloroacrylic, a -isopropylacrylic, a -amylacrylic, a -cyclohexylacrylic, a - hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitric, 2-pentenedioic, and 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids mentioned under (2) and, attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide group, they may have polar groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table. Examples of such amides are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N - (3 - aminopropyl) - methacrylamide; N - (ethanol), N - (5 - carboxy - hexyl), N - morpholinoethyl, N - (dimethyl amino ethyl), N-(dimethylamino propyl), N-(6-mercapto-octyl), N - (6,6 - dihydroxyethyloctyl), N - (6 - cyanohexyl), N - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) - a - octyl and N - (6 - thiocyano - octyl) acrylamide; N,N-di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide; N,N - di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamide; and N,N-di - (mercaptobutyl) and N - (4 - hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamide. The monomers (2) and (3) may be reacted together first and the product e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide copolymerized with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecne-1. Additional polar groups may be introduced by conducting the polymerization in the presence of other polymerizable vinyl monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate, and such groups may be converted to hydroxyl groups by hydrolysis of the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. In examples: (1) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted; (2) with N,N-dimethylaminopropyleneamine; (3) with N,N-diethylaminopropyleneamine; or (4) with monoethanolamine; (5) a copolymer of vinyl stearate and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted with N,N-dibutylpropane-1,3-diamine or aminoethyl morpholine; (6) a copolymer of n-hexadecene-1 and methyl methacrylate is reacted with 4-aminobutyl mercaptan, 1-cyano-5-aminopentane or 1-thio-5-aminopentane; (7) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is reacted with 4-amino-butyraldehyde; (8) 4-aminopentanamide; (9) 4-aminopentanoic acid or (10) N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine; and (11) a methyl a -octadecyl acrylatevinyl acetate copolymer is reacted with N-aminoethylmorpholine. The polysubstituted alkanes may be used in oil compositions in minor amounts, e.g. from 0.001 to 10 per cent as sludge preventives, detergents, antiwear agents and antioxidants. They may be used in natural lubricants, e.g. hydrocarbon oils, alone or blended with castor or lard oil, or in synthetic lubricants such as polymerized olefines, copolymers of alkylene glycols and oxides, organic esters of polybasic organic and inorganic acids, e.g. di-(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), dioctyl phthalate and trioctyl phosphate, polymeric tetrahydrofuran and polyalkyl silicone polymers, e.g. dimethyl silicone polymer. They may also be used in greases, fuels (e.g. gasoline, gas oil or burner fuel oil), and slushing, industrial, metal working, drawing, quenching, and textile oils. Other conventional additives such as antioxidants, detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, blooming agents, corrosion inhibitors, oiliness agents and solubilizers may also be present. Examples of such conventional additives are given. Specification 714,178 and U.S.A. 2,639,227 are referred to.ALSO:Oil-soluble polysubstituted long chain alkanes, suitable for use as hydrocarbon oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, and the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals being N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The alkanes preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000 are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or polycarboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloro-, a -isopropyl, a -amyl, a -cyclohexyl, a -hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitic, 2-pentandioic, 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids in (2) with functional groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table, and examples are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide, N-(ethanol), N-(5-carboxyl-hexyl), N-morpholinoethyl, N-(dimethylaminoethyl), N-dimethylaminopropyl), N-(6-mercaptooctyl), N-(6,6-dihydroxyethyloctyl), N-(6-cyanohexyl), N-(6-hydroxyoctyl)-a -octyl and N-(6-thiocyanooctyl) acrylamides, N,N - di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide, N,N-di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamides, and N,N-di-(mercaptobutyl) and N-(4-hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamides. The reactants (2) and (3) may be copolymerized first and the product, e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide reacted with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecene-1, and additional polar groups incorporating other polymerizable monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate may be present and may be hydrolysed in the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The concentration of monomers is controlled so that the copolymers contain between 4 and 1.1, alkoxycarbonyl groups per unit derived from (1) by shortstopping the reaction or by adding monomers to maintain the concentration constant. The copolymers may be prepared in bulk, solution, or aqueous emulsion or suspension systems with catalysts such as hydrogen, benzoyl, lauroyl, and di-(t-butyl) peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxides, 2,2-bis-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-butyl perlargonate sodium or potassium persulphates, percarbonate and peracetic acid, at an elevated temperature, under atmospheric, reduced or elevated pressures, and if desired in the absence of air. Chain transfer agents such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers or organic acids, acid halides, esters of inorganic esters, and amines, cyanogen and nitro compounds, sulphur halides, benzene sulphonyl chloride, mercaptans and related organic sulphur compounds may be present. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The components are mixed alone, or in a mutual solv

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