Nanodiamond fractional and the products thereof
    11.
    发明授权
    Nanodiamond fractional and the products thereof 有权
    纳米金刚石分数及其产品

    公开(公告)号:US07569205B1

    公开(公告)日:2009-08-04

    申请号:US11899885

    申请日:2007-09-07

    CPC classification number: B01J3/08 C01B32/28 C09G1/02

    Abstract: In certain embodiments, a method of processing detonation nanodiamonds to fractionate the detonation nanodiamonds involves, in order forming a combination of detonation nanodiamonds and a solvent, said solvent containing at least approximately 10% DMSO (v/v), applying a dispersive technique to said combination, subjecting said combination to a procedure that causes nanodiamond particles of a first size range to be substantially spatially separated from nanodiamonds of a second size range, and collecting said nanodiamonds of said first size range essentially free of said second size range. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

    Abstract translation: 在某些实施方案中,处理爆炸纳米金刚石以分馏爆轰纳米金刚石的方法涉及为了形成爆轰纳米金刚石和溶剂的组合,所述溶剂含有至少约10%的DMSO(v / v),向所述 组合,对所述组合进行使导致第一尺寸范围的纳米金刚石颗粒与第二尺寸范围的纳米金刚石基本上空间分离的步骤,以及收集基本上没有所述第二尺寸范围的所述第一尺寸范围的所述纳米金刚石。 该摘要不被认为是限制性的,因为其他实施例可能偏离本摘要中描述的特征。

    Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
    12.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US07108003B2

    公开(公告)日:2006-09-19

    申请号:US10345767

    申请日:2003-01-15

    CPC classification number: B01J3/08 Y10S134/902

    Abstract: Pluralities of ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the bottom wall of the cleaning tank. The output power of the ultrasonic oscillator is supplied to the transducers through the switching unit, which switches the drive mode between a first mode in which all the ultrasonic transducers are supplied with the output power and thus are excited, and a second mode in which only a part or parts of the ultrasonic transducers are supplied with the output power generated by the ultrasonic oscillator. The first mode is used when cleaning substrates not-resistant to vibration, and the second mode is used when cleaning substrates resistant to vibration.

    Treatment of materials
    13.
    发明申请
    Treatment of materials 审中-公开
    材料处理

    公开(公告)号:US20040234437A1

    公开(公告)日:2004-11-25

    申请号:US10746892

    申请日:2003-12-23

    Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of material comprises a confined volume for receiving the material, and a source of gas at elevated pressure communicable with the interior of the volume. A suitable source of gas is an airgun, or other apparatus capable of releasing a volume of gas at elevated pressure such as at least 1000 psi. It is preferred that the source of gas is located within the confined volume. It is also preferred that the confined volume is a pressure vessel. Inlet an outlet valves will assist in loading and unloading material for treatment. Gate valves will further assist by closing when the volume is full. The invention is thus particularly useful in the destruction of chemical and biological agents, for the purification of contaminated water, and for the destruction of tropical and other larvae previously leading to diseases such as Nile Disease, malaria and the like.

    Abstract translation: 用于处理材料的装置包括用于接收材料的限制容积,以及可与该体积内部连通的升高压力的气体源。 合适的气体来源是气枪或能够在高压(例如至少1000psi)下释放一定体积的气体的其它装置。 优选的是气体源位于限制体积内。 还优选的是,限制体积是压力容器。 进出口阀门将有助于装卸材料进行处理。 当阀门充满时,闸阀将进一步关闭。 因此,本发明特别可用于破坏化学和生物制剂,用于净化污染的水,以及用于破坏先前导致疾病如尼罗河病,疟疾等的热带和其他幼虫。

    Liquid fueled pulse detonation engine with controller and inlet and exit
valves
    18.
    发明授权
    Liquid fueled pulse detonation engine with controller and inlet and exit valves 失效
    具有控制器和进出气阀的液体燃料脉冲爆震发动机

    公开(公告)号:US5901550A

    公开(公告)日:1999-05-11

    申请号:US618001

    申请日:1996-03-18

    Abstract: The invention provides a liquid fueled pulsed detonation air breathing engine. The engine has at least one, and preferably a multiplicity of, detonation chambers, each of which has an inlet end for opening and receiving a charge of fuel and air, and an outlet end for discharging combustion product gases. A fast-acting valve is located above the inlet ends of the detonation chambers and cyclically opens the fuel and air receiving openings in the inlet ends of the detonation chambers to allow a fuel/air charge to enter the chambers. In a preferred embodiment, the valve is of a rotary type with a body that has at least one opening through which fuel and air can flow into the inlet end of the detonation chamber. Once the valve has closed, detonation is initiated by an ignitor and impulse force is provided by the resultant shock wave. Thereafter, the valve opens again so that the detonation chamber can be charged with fuel and air to recommence the cycle. The invention also provides an embodiment of an engine that has both inlet and outlet valves. These valves operate out of phase so that when the inlet valve is open to receive fuel and air into the detonation chamber, the outlet valve is closed. When detonation commences, the outlet valve is open and the inlet valve is closed. Optionally, a source of oxygen allows a stratified charge in the engine to enhance detonation. Also provided is a control system (48) for sensing the position of the valves, (58, 80) and using this sensed position to inject fuel, inject oxygen and ignite the fuel and air mixture.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种液体燃料脉冲爆震空气呼吸发动机。 发动机具有至少一个,优选地是多个爆轰室,每个都具有用于打开和接收燃料和空气的进料口的入口端,以及用于排出燃烧产物气体的出口端。 快速作用阀位于引爆室的入口端上方,并循环地打开引爆室入口端的燃料和空气接收孔,以允许燃料/空气进入腔室。 在优选实施例中,阀是具有主体的旋转型,其具有至少一个开口,燃料和空气可以通过该开口流入爆炸室的入口端。 一旦阀门关闭,爆震就由点火器启动,冲击力由所产生的冲击波提供。 此后,阀再次打开,使得引爆室可以充入燃料和空气以重新开始循环。 本发明还提供了具有入口和出口阀的发动机的实施例。 这些阀门异相工作,因此当入口阀打开以接收燃料和空气进入爆轰室时,出口阀关闭。 当爆炸开始时,出口阀打开,进气阀关闭。 可选地,氧源允许发动机中的分层装料增强爆震。 还提供了一种用于感测阀(58,80)的位置并使用该感测位置喷射燃料,注入氧气并点燃燃料和空气混合物的控制系统(48)。

    Preparation of solid aggregates of high density boron nitride crystals

    公开(公告)号:US5549731A

    公开(公告)日:1996-08-27

    申请号:US334762

    申请日:1994-12-21

    Abstract: Method and apparatus for compaction of powder of high density boron nitride, having an initial particle diameter of at least two microns, into a high density crystal aggregate of between 1 mm up to about 1 cm in diameter, the resulting crystal aggregate having a zincblende form, the wurtzite form or mixtures of the zincblende and wurtzite forms. High density aggregates of boron nitride, preferably having particle sizes with diameters at least 2 .mu.m, are placed in a hollow, substantially cylindrical first container of metal, and the first container is surrounded by a fluid-like material of metal or metal powder having a shock wave velocity V. The first container and fluid-like material are placed in a substantially cylindrical second container that is purged of substantially all air and sealed. The second container has a rigid side wall and two rigid end walls. A high explosive, having a detonation velocity D of at least 6 km/sec and preferably at least 8 km/sec, is positioned at one end wall and along at least a portion of the side wall of the second container. The high explosive is detonated, and an approximately radially directed pressure wave moves through the fluid-like material and the boron nitride powder toward the center of the second container. A second, approximately radially directed pressure wave, separated in time from the first pressure wave, subsequently moves outward through the fluid-like material and the boron nitride powder. These two pressure waves produce boron nitride aggregates of density at least 95 percent of the theoretical maximum density (3.49 gm/cm.sup.3) and of sizes at least 1 mm in diameter. A solid mandrel can be positioned near a center line of the second container to improve the quality of the resulting product. Grain sizes as small as 0.005-0.05 gm are produced. Boron nitride aggregates with Knoop hardness parameters in the range of 4300-5000 Kgm/mm.sup.2 can be produced in this manner.

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