Abstract:
A method of discharging particulate material from a first container to a lower positioned storage area being under a lower pressure than the first container. Particulate material is discharged via an upper tube section of a discharge tube communicating with the first container and permanently containing a column of the particulate material. The discharged material is directed into a pressurized stabilizer. The discharged material is directed via a lower tube section to a material feeder for forming columns of the particulate material in the upper and lower tube sections thereby reducing the pressure of the material to a predetermined normal pressure level at the input of the feeder. The material is fed to the storage area. The quantity of discharged material is controlled by the feeder. Gas flowing from the first container is extracted through the particulate material column to an environment via a throttle at an upper portion of the pressure stabilizer, thus stabilizing the discharge by making it independent of pressure variations in the particulate material column upstream of the pressure stabilizer. The feeder is stopped when a pressure increases in the particle column in the upper tube section resulting in a pressure increase in the pressure stabilizer until the pressure of the pressure stabilizer has returned to the normal level due to the extraction of gas.
Abstract:
Disintegrated material is supplied to a pressure chamber by a rotatable and axially translatable screw piston. The piston is rotated while in a first axial position to transport and compact the material in a receiving chamber against a closed output valve in front of the piston. The output valve is opened and the compacted material is moved into the pressure chamber by axial non-rotative motion of the piston. The output valve then is closed, and the piston is axially returned to its first axial position while rotating in the same direction as before. The operation cycle is repeated as above. An apparatus for carrying out a process comprises an axially movable guide piston rotationally carrying and guiding the screw piston for rotation and axial movement by action of a hydraulic cylinder and a mechanism for rotationally positioning the screw piston.
Abstract:
The continuous removal of solid products from a high-pressure system is achieved by operating a high-pressure pump in reverse to gradually reduce pressure at the exit line to atmospheric pressure. This process allows solid products to exit the system while at the same time maintaining high pressure in the reactor.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a procedure and an apparatus for feeding solid material into a pressurized space. According to the invention, the apparatus comprises a feed chamber (12) communicating with the pressurized space (1) via a gate (13), a piston cylinder (8) adjoining the feed chamber (12) and provided with an aperture (28) in its wall for the intake of solid material, and a piston (9) which consists of an inner and an outer piston (11,10), moves within the piston cylinder (8) and closes the feed chamber (12) tightly when in its front position. The inner piston (11) moves inside the outer piston (10) and in the feed chamber (12) to insert the solid material into the pressurized space (1). In the procedure of the invention, the solid material is supplied into the feed chamber (12) through the piston cylinder (8) and the aperture (28) in its wall while the piston (9) is in its rear position, the piston (9) is thrust into its front position so that the feed chamber (12) is tightly closed, a pressure corresponding to that in the pressurized space (1) is formed in the feed chamber (12), the gate (13) between the pressurized space (1) and the feed chamber (12) is opened and the inner piston (11) is thrust into its front position.
Abstract:
The invention provides an improved method and apparatus for feeding solids to a fluidized bed reactor. A back pressure control valve regulates the pressure drop between the pressure above a solids column in a standpipe and the pressure in the reactor. Solids are fed from the standpipe via a conduit without valve means, the conduit contains a bend of an angle greater than the angle of repose of the solids.
Abstract:
A liquid vaporizer-feeder has a unitary housing structure for both a control valve for controlling the amount of a liquid passing therethrough and a vaporization valve for causing the liquid from the control valve to be vaporized and transported out by a carrier gas. The housing structure has a throughhole through which the two valves are connected. The throughhole is short and narrow, and has a portion made even narrower such that the pressure in the liquid passing therethrough is increased, preventing bubbles from forming in the throughhole. As a result, vaporized liquid can be supplied at a steadier rate, for example, to a reaction chamber.
Abstract:
A pressure equalizing liquid addition funnel for a closed system reactor is described. The funnel includes an internal valve stem which seats in the outlet port and extends therethrough and which defines a lumen which extends axially from below the outlet port upwardly to a port in the valve stem in the upper portion of said flask. The valve stem then terminates in a valve cap which is threadedly mounted on the funnel whereby rotation of the cap will cause the valve to engage or disengage a valve seat at the outlet.
Abstract:
Disclosed are an apparatus adapted for use in a temporal analysis of products (TAP) system for studying catalytic reactions, a catalytic reactor provided with heat exchange capability and useful in the TAP system, and an apparatus for use in gas processing which can also be used in a TAP system. The gas processing apparatus includes a manifold for introduction of a plurality of gases into a gas processing system. The manifold comprises a plurality of channels through which gas may flow toward the gas processing system, and a mixing chamber having an inlet in communication with the plurality of channels and an outlet in communication with the gas processing system. At least one of the channels has a rapidly operable feed valve at the terminus of the channel at which it communicates with the chamber inlet. The mixing chamber has a void volume that is small relative to the working volume of the gas processing system. The catalytic reactor comprises any of several novel combinations of catalytic reaction chamber and constructions providing for transfer of heat to the chamber. The novel TAP system apparatus includes a housing and, within the housing, a catalytic reactor, a collimating slit or the like for providing a resolved pulse of product gas, an analytical device for real time analysis of the product pulse, and circuitry for coordinating the product pulse with scanning of the analytical device. The TAP apparatus may also include a cryogenic surface surrounding the product pulse path, a low residence time mixing zone ahead of the reactor, and/or a manifold of the type described above.
Abstract:
A pressure vessel includes a cylindrical, fixed body which is closed at the two ends thereof, the central portion of the body forming a sample accommodating space, and a drum body provided in such a manner as to be rotatable relative to the outer periphery of the body. The body has an opening in a lateral portion thereof, and the drum body 3 has an opening at a position which faces the opening formed in the body at one rotated position.
Abstract:
Composite powders for spinels, MgO.nAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 (n=1 and 2), are synthesized hydrothermally using commercially available hydroxide reactants. The synthesis is carried out in an aqueous suspension within an autoclave under a pressure of 4 Mega-Pascals (MPa) and at a corresponding saturated steam temperature of 523.degree. K. Powder characterization has shown that the particle size ranges from 2 to 10 .mu.m. Sintering of preformed green bodies comprising compressed powder, without the use of additives, is then carried out at 1873.degree. K. in one atmosphere, resulting in a spinel having a density 94% of theorietical. Structure and microstructure have been studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and compressive strength of the resulting spinels has been determined.