Abstract:
Hydroxy aromatic compositions containing (a) a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a carbon of an aromatic nucleus, (b) a hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, (c) at least one methylol or lower hydrocarbyl substituted methylol substituent bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, and not having any alkylene linkages between carbon atoms of two aromatic nuclei are useful as additives for normally liquid fuels and lubricating oils. These hydroxy aromatic compositions are also useful as intermediates for preparing other additives for fuels and lubricants. Typical hydroxy aromatic compositions of the present invention are formed by reaction of formaldehyde with an alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted phenol wherein the alkyl or alkenyl substituent contains an average of about 50 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
Liquid hydrocarbons containing minor amounts of surface active, higher alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts are surprisingly resistant to forming water in oil emulsions and microbiological degradation. Detergent range alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides of limited hydrocarbon solubility are especially useful as antihaze and/or antimicrobial agents for heating oils. The water solubility of the new oil additives unexpectedly facilitates their bactericidal effectiveness. Furthermore, antihaze activity of these additives is uniquely unaffected by polar oligomeric additives such as cold flow improvers and detergents also present in the oil products.
Abstract:
Cold flow properties of fuel oils are improved by addition thereto of certain oil-soluble, pour point depressant polymers together with non-nitrogen containing, oil-soluble, auxiliary, flow improving compounds.
Abstract:
Process for preparing high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid acylating agents by contacting chlorine with a reaction mixture comprising (1) high molecular weight monocarboxylic acid and ethylenically unsaturated low molecular weight mono- or polycarboxylic acid acylating agent or (2) high molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon, ethylenically unsaturated low molecular weight monocarboxylic acid acylating agent, and ethylenically unsaturated low molecular weight polycarboxylic acid acylating agent. Acylating agents thus produced have utility, for example, as intermediates in the preparation of acylated nitrogen compounds, esters, metal salts, and the like which are useful as additives in lubricants and fuels.