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    Phytoluminometer
    32.
    发明授权
    Phytoluminometer 失效
    植物发光计

    公开(公告)号：US5406089A

    公开(公告)日：1995-04-11

    申请号：US140278

    申请日：1993-10-21

    Applicant: Mahesh M. Koppikar

    Inventor： Mahesh M. Koppikar

    IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/76

    CPC classification number: G01N21/6486 ,  G01N21/6456 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4493 ,  G01N2021/635 ,  G01N2021/8466 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2201/0826

    Abstract: A hand-held, battery operated, single photon sensitivity phytoluminometer is claimed for rapid, simple nondestructive, noninvasive evaluation of photosynthetic topography in green leaves. All the steps for generating phytoluminescence are performed within a single, light tight enclosure. The sensitivity of the instrument is such that stress induced changes in photosynthesis can be detected seconds after occurrence. Thus phytoluminography is made an easily applied technique for practical use by all those concerned with plant life.

    Abstract translation: 声称使用手持式电池操作的单光子敏感性植入光度计用于快速，简单地对绿色叶片中的光合作用地形进行非破坏性，非侵入性评估。 产生植物发光的所有步骤都在单一的，不透光的外壳内进行。 仪器灵敏度可以在发生后几秒钟内检测出光合作用的应激诱导变化。 因此，植物染色法是一个易于应用的技术，用于所有与植物生活有关的人的实际应用。

    Fluorescent spectral analysis apparatus
    34.
    发明授权
    Fluorescent spectral analysis apparatus 失效
    荧光光谱分析仪

    公开(公告)号：US4675529A

    公开(公告)日：1987-06-23

    申请号：US716855

    申请日：1985-03-28

    Applicant: Takashi Kushida

    Inventor： Takashi Kushida

    IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01N2021/6484

    Abstract: A fluorescent spectral analysis apparatus comprises a source of a laser beam, and first and second optical fibers to be inserted in an endoscope with forward ends extended from a distal end of the endoscope. The first optical fiber guides the laser beam emitted from the source to a subject portion to be analyzed and the second optical fiber transmits a fluorescent light generated from the subject portion due to irradiation with the laser beam. The fluorescent light is detected by a light-receiving element. The time interval between the instant of reception of the fluorescent light by the light receiver and the instant of generation of the laser beam from the source is measured.

    Abstract translation: 一种荧光光谱分析装置，包括激光束源和插入到内窥镜中的第一和第二光纤，其前端从内窥镜的远端延伸。 第一光纤将从源极发射的激光束引导到要分析的被摄体部分，并且第二光纤透射由于激光束照射而从被摄体部分产生的荧光。 荧光由光接收元件检测。 测量由光接收器接收荧光的时刻与从源产生激光束的时刻之间的时间间隔。

    Photon counting fluorimeter
    35.
    发明授权
    Photon counting fluorimeter 失效
    光子计数荧光计

    公开(公告)号：US4320970A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-23

    申请号：US809138

    申请日：1977-06-22

    Applicant: Robert M. Dowben ,  James R. Bunting

    Inventor： Robert M. Dowben ,  James R. Bunting

    IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01N21/276

    Abstract: An ultraviolet light beam is split into two beams which are directed toward a reference cell and a sample cell, respectively. A mechanical rotating light chopper permits the reference and sample cells to be alternately illuminated. Radiation from the reference and sample cells is directed toward and sensed by a single photomultiplier tube. An up/down counter counts the number of photons impinging on the photomultiplier tube from the reference and sample cells. Photodiodes in conjunction with the mechanical light chopper cause the up/down counter to count up when photons are arriving from the sample cell and cause the up/down counter to count down when photons are arriving from the reference cell. A source intensity monitor prohibits further measurements after a preselected amount of incident flux has been sensed. The intensity monitor includes a photodetector circuit which senses a portion of the incident light. Pulses from the detector are fed to a counter and the number in the counter is compared to a preselected number which is set on a thumbwheel switch. When the comparison condition is met, the up/down counter of the fluorimeter is stopped.

    Abstract translation: 紫外光束被分成两束，分别指向参考电池和样品池。 机械旋转光斩波器允许参考和样品池交替照明。 来自参考和样品池的辐射被单个光电倍增管导向并感测。 上/下计数器计数从参考和样品池照射到光电倍增管上的光子的数量。 光电二极管与机械光斩波器结合使得当光子从采样单元到达时，向上/向下计数器进行计数，并且当光子从参考单元到达时，使上/下计数器倒计数。 源极强度监视器在检测到预先选定的入射磁通量之后禁止进一步的测量。 强度监视器包括感测入射光的一部分的光电检测器电路。 来自检测器的脉冲被馈送到计数器，并将计数器中的数字与在指轮开关上设置的预选数字进行比较。 当满足比较条件时，荧光计的上/下计数器停止。

    Single-photon timing system and method
    36.
    发明授权
    Single-photon timing system and method 有权

    公开(公告)号：US12130176B2

    公开(公告)日：2024-10-29

    申请号：US18287829

    申请日：2022-04-20

    Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, A BODY CORPORATE

    Inventor： Shu-Wei Huang ,  Bowen Li

    IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/28

    CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2001/442

    Abstract: A time-to-frequency converter transforms an initial single-photon pulse into a transformed pulse such that the temporal waveform of the initial pulse is mapped to the spectrum of the transformed pulse. The time-to-frequency converter includes a dispersive optical element followed by a time lens. The spectrum of the transformed pulse is then measured to determine the arrival time of the initial pulse. The spectrum can be measured using a photon-counting spectrometer that spatially disperses the transformed pulse onto an single-photon detector array. Alternatively, an additional dispersive element can be used with the time-to-frequency converter to implement a time magnifier. The arrival time of the resulting time-magnified pulse can then be measured using time-correlated single-photon counting. This arrival time can then be divided by the magnification factor of the time magnifier to obtain the arrival time of the initial pulse.

    Gating Apparatus for Single-photon Detector and Quantum Communication Device
    38.
    发明公开
    Gating Apparatus for Single-photon Detector and Quantum Communication Device 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20240297722A1

    公开(公告)日：2024-09-05

    申请号：US18682917

    申请日：2022-08-12

    Applicant: QUDOOR TECHNOLOGIES INC.

    Inventor： Liuping CHEN ,  Yongsheng FAN ,  Qibing WANG ,  Xiangkui WAN ,  Nan LI ,  Zhenyang JIN

    IPC: H04B10/70 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H04L9/08

    CPC classification number: H04B10/70 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H04L9/0858 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/444

    Abstract: The disclosure provides a gating apparatus for a single-photon detector and a quantum communication device. The gating apparatus includes: a system synchronization unit, configured to obtain a periodic gating signal synchronized with a clock of a quantum communication system; a clock distributor, configured to divide the periodic gating signal into two periodic gating signals; a delay unit, configured to delay one periodic gating signal of the two periodic gating signals, so that the one periodic gating signal and the other periodic gating signal of the two periodic gating signals are spaced apart by predetermined duration; and a logical OR gate, configured to perform an OR operation on the one periodic gating signal delayed and the other periodic gating signal undelayed of the two periodic gating signals, so as to generate a periodic gating signal sequence synchronized with the clock of the quantum communication system.

    Linear regulation of SPAD shutoff voltage
    39.
    发明授权
    Linear regulation of SPAD shutoff voltage 有权

    公开(公告)号：US12055435B2

    公开(公告)日：2024-08-06

    申请号：US17987419

    申请日：2022-11-15

    Applicant: STMicroelectronics (Research & Development) Limited

    Inventor： John Kevin Moore

    IPC: G01J1/44

    CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466

    Abstract: A sensing pixel includes a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) coupled between a first node and a second node, with a clamp diode being coupled between a turn-off voltage node and the second node. A turn-off circuit includes a sense circuit configured to generate a feedback voltage based upon a voltage at the turn-off voltage node, a transistor having a first conduction terminal coupled to the turn-off voltage node, a second conduction terminal coupled to ground, and a control terminal, and an amplifier having a first input coupled to a reference voltage, a second input coupled to receive the feedback voltage, and an output coupled to the control terminal of the transistor. A readout circuit is coupled to the SPAD by a decoupling capacitor.

    RECHARGE CIRCUIT FOR DIGITAL SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIERS
    40.
    发明公开
    RECHARGE CIRCUIT FOR DIGITAL SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIERS 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20240210241A1

    公开(公告)日：2024-06-27

    申请号：US18424419

    申请日：2024-01-26

    Applicant: AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL SALES PTE. LIMITED

    Inventor： Thomas FRACH ,  Torsten SOLF

    IPC: G01J1/44 ,  A61B6/03

    CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466

    Abstract: The present application relates generally to silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detector arrays. In one aspect, there is a system including an array of cells each including a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) reverse-biased above a breakdown voltage of the SPAD. Each cell may further include trigger logic connected to the SPAD, and configured to output a trigger signal indicating whether the SPAD is in breakdown. Each cell may still further include a conditional recharge circuit configured to recharge the SPAD conditional upon both (i) the recharge circuit applying the recharge signal to the cell and (ii) the trigger signal output by the trigger logic of the cell indicating the SPAD of the cell is in breakdown.

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