Abstract:
Liquid silicate products derived from processed organic plant matter (112), such as rice hulls, have improved purity and properties for use in the production of higher purity amorphous silica compositions (180). The liquid silicate can be optically clear, can have a controlled ratio of silica to metal earth oxide components, and can have lower concentrations of undesirable contaminants such as aluminum, chloride, iron, sulfate, and titanium.
Abstract:
A heat generating system comprises two or more thermal reactors. During operation, a first thermal reactor is pressurized while a second thermal reactor is depressurized to vent unused gas and byproduct. The unused gas and byproduct from the second reactor are separated in a gas separator and the unused gas is supplied to the first reactor while the first reactor is pressurized. An exothermic reaction is triggered in the first reactor, which results in generation of heat and byproduct cluster formation. When the exothermic reaction is complete, the process is reversed and the second thermal reactor is pressurized while the first reactor is depressurized.
Abstract:
A device for treating crude oil or heavy fuel oil with a method that can lower the pour point to at least 0° C. Crude oil or heavy fuel oil treated thusly maintains this property for at least one year. The device for lowering the pour point of crude oil or heavy fuel oil uses a specific ionization method. The method is conducted by passing a heated medium through the main ionization device which is grounded and which includes three parallelly connected segments whereby each segment includes a protective copper tube inside which a protective insulating shell is situated, inside which a copper housing is situated. In each copper housing there is one cylindrical-shaped external core in which an internal core is placed, and the external core and internal core are manufactured as two different alloys by composition. Also described is a process for casting the external core and internal core.
Abstract:
A screw extruder for industrially mass-producing a cellulose-containing composition having a high saccharification performance by continuously conducting pretreatment of cellulose-containing biomass to pretreatment, which screw extruder is characterized as including a raw-material feed portion, a pulverization section, a heating section and a cooling section, and having a plurality of seal rings arranged in the heating section.
Abstract:
A method for chemical destroying of magnetic data carriers, in particular hard disk platters, during which the recorded data are irretrievably eliminated and rendered impossible to be re-read. In the method according to the invention the magnetic data carriers include aluminium or its alloys and ferromagnetic materials are subjected to a digestion reaction in a reactor with an aqueous solution of a digesting mixture that includes: a) hydrochloric acid and (V)nitrate of one or more alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals and ammonium; or b) nitric(V) acid and chloride of one or more alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals and ammonium; the product of the digestion reaction is an aqueous solution having aluminium hydroxide and chlorides and (V)nitrates of metals contained in the ferromagnetic metals as well as gaseous products of the reaction. Acidic salt solutions are utilized in a sewage treatment plant. Gaseous products of the reaction including hydrogen and nitrogen oxides, after diluting with nitrogen, are directed to the atmosphere through an absorption system. The method provides a complete destroying of the data carrier together with the data recorded thereon, and thus eliminates any possibility of re-reading the data at a later time.
Abstract:
An apparatus for continuous sulfonization of discrete articles comprising a feeder box for drying the discrete articles with ultra-dry air, a sulfonization chamber for treating the discrete articles with sulfur trioxide gas, a conveyor assembly for transporting the discrete articles from the feeder box to the sulfonization chamber, and a neutralizing tank for treating the discrete articles with neutralizing fluid. The sulfonization chamber includes a rotating dial plate with a circular periphery and an upper surface extending radially from and rotatable about a center axis (A) for receiving the discrete articles at the circular periphery. A plurality of arcuate guides extend perpendicularly from a guide arm toward the rotating dial plate and are spaced radially outward from one another along a radial (R) extending radially from the center axis (A) for moving the discrete articles radially inward in a spiral path during rotation of the rotating dial plate.
Abstract:
The process for producing hydrogen gas according to the present invention consists of reacting aluminum with water in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen gas, comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous solution containing between 0.26 M and 19 M NaOH in a vessel. The next step consists of reacting aluminum with water at the surface of the solution to generate a region of effervescence at the surface of the solution and a precipitate sinking from the region of effervescence to the bottom of the vessel. The region of effervescence is kept separated from the precipitate at the bottom the vessel, to prevent any precipitate from mixing with the aluminum therein.
Abstract:
Hydrogen is generated by heating a metal surface under water to a temperature at which the metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen can then be used, for example, as a fuel for a motor vehicle engine or another type of engine. The heating can be done electrically by providing an electrical discharge, under water, between the metal surface and another surface. Water and the metal surface are consumed.