Abstract:
The present teachings relate to a method of generating calibration information during a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or other amplification reaction. A sample well plate or other support can contain one or more dyes or other reference materials that are subjected to the same RT-PCR thermal cycles or other conditions used to conduct amplification or other reactions on a biological sample. A set of maxima values and a set of minimum values, and/or other calibration information useful for adjusting emission data for sample dyes can be recorded, for example, for 10 cycles, 20 cycles, or each cycle of a complete RT-PCR run. Such testing of dye response under realistic operating conditions can enable more accurate characterization of plate, dye, filter, or instrument response and therefore more accurate calibration corrections and other and/or adjustments.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are provided for calibrating emission data or other information signals collected during a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification reaction, assay, process, or other reaction. Calibration of multiple detectable materials can be achieved during a single cycle or run, or during a plurality of runs of the reaction. A reading from every well, container, or other support region of a sample support does not have to be taken. Interpolation can be used to determine values for emission data or other information signals that were not taken, or are unknown, using detected emission data, or other detected information signals. By calibrating the detected emission data and the interpolated data, a more accurate reading of emission data or information signal can be obtained.
Abstract:
Various methods for controlling one or more parameters of a flow cytometer type measurement system are provided. One embodiment includes monitoring parameter(s) of the measurement system during measurements of sample microspheres. The method also includes altering the parameter(s) in real time based on the monitoring. Another method includes monitoring a temperature proximate to the measurement system. One such method includes altering a bias voltage of an avalanche photo diode in response to the temperature using empirically derived data. A different such method includes altering output signals of a photomultiplier tube in response to the temperature using a characteristic curve. Some methods include monitoring a temperature of a fluid, in which sample microspheres are disposed, that will flow through the flow cytometer type measurement system. This method also includes determining a velocity of the sample microspheres in the measurement system from a viscosity of the fluid at the temperature.
Abstract:
A method for quantifying a crude oil in water is provided. The method includes selecting an ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) wavelength to perform a measurement, preparing calibration solutions in xylene, and preparing a calibration curve from the calibration solutions. A sample is prepared including extracting the crude oil from the water in a two-phase separation with xylene. An absorbance of the sample in the xylene is measured at the UV/Vis wavelength. A concentration of the crude oil in the water is calculated from the absorbance.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a method and a device for measuring a sand content in a miscible phase fluid, the method comprising: flowing of the miscible phase fluid out of an oil and gas well through a pipeline, the miscible phase fluid of the wellhead of the oil and gas well including at least two fluid media; carrying out a measurement with a light quantum of four levels on the miscible phase fluid by a phase separator installed on the pipeline, such that a linear mass of each fluid medium is obtained; calculating a sand content in mass fraction based on the linear mass of all the fluid media, when the fluid media in the miscible phase fluid includes a solid phase sand.
Abstract:
One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for waste object detection. For example, a waste alert component is configured to emit ultraviolet light towards a waste detection zone, such as a bathroom floor or countertop. If a waste object, such as a paper towel or other object with a fluoresce property, exists within the waste detection zone, then the waste alert component may detect an increase in light due to the waste object fluorescing visible light in response to the ultraviolet light. If the increase in light intensity exceeds a detection threshold, then the waste alert component may provide a waste detection alert that the waste object exists within the waste detection zone (e.g., a message may be sent to a housekeeper that paper towel waste in on the bathroom countertop).
Abstract:
A calibration data acquisition unit uses an equation X=YW in which an optical spectrum matrix X is the same as a product between a component natural spectrum matrix Y and a component amount matrix X, performs independent component analysis in which column vectors of the component amount matrix W are treated as independent components so as to determine the component natural spectrum matrix Y, and employs row vectors of a general inverse matrix Y† of the component natural spectrum matrix Y as component calibration spectra corresponding to a plurality of components. A calibration curve is created by using a target component calibration spectrum corresponding to a target component.
Abstract:
A calibration data acquisition unit (a) acquires Q optical spectra and S evaluation spectra, (b) extracts R subsets from a set of the Q optical spectra, (c) performs independent component analysis in which component amounts in each sample treated as independent components on each of R subsets so as to acquire R×N component calibration spectra, (d) obtains an inner product value between the R×N component calibration spectrum and an evaluation spectrum, (e) selects a component calibration spectrum for which a correlation degree between a component amount for the target component and the inner product value is the maximum as the target component calibration spectrum from among the R×N component calibration spectra, and (f) creates a calibration curve by using the target component calibration spectrum.
Abstract:
A method of analyzing a selected refinery chemical at a low concentration comprises contacting a sample with functionalized metallic nanoparticles that contain metallic nanoparticles functionalized with a functional group comprising a cyano group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a boronic acid group, an aza group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; radiating the sample contacted with the functionalized metallic nanoparticles with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level; measuring a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample; and determining the presence or a concentration of a selected refinery chemical in the sample from the Raman spectrum.
Abstract:
A method of determining a pathlength deviation of a sample (610), the method comprising: exposing the sample (610) to electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of wavenumbers, determining electromagnetic absorption in the sample (610) at the plurality of wavenumbers, determining a first wavenumber associated with a first absorption level of an absorption band and a second wavenumber associated with a second absorption level of the absorption band, wherein the second wavenumber is different from the first wavenumber, determining a difference between the first wavenumber and the second wavenumber, and determining the pathlength deviation based on the difference.