Abstract:
A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; X is a linking group; R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group; n is a positive integer; W is O− or OH; b is 1 when W is OH, and b is 2 when W is O−.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)n—OR1, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.
Abstract:
A quaternary ammonium compound of formula (I): wherein R0, R1, R2 and R3 is each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X is a linking group, R4 is an optionally substituted alkylene group, R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that n is not 0 when R5 is hydrogen.
Abstract:
A method of combatting colour loss from a dyed material, the method comprising the steps of: (1) contacting the material with a composition comprising an electrophilic species selected from aldehydes, succinimidyl esters, and mixtures thereof; (2) contacting the material with a composition comprising a chelating agent and/or a salt of an amine and/or a carboxylic acid.
Abstract:
A quaternary ammonium salt of formula wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms and R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.
Abstract:
A quaternary ammonium compound which is the reaction product of: (a) a tertiary amine having a molecular weight of less than 1000; (b) an acid-activated alkylating agent; and (c) a diacid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least (5) carbon atoms.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the molar ratio of component (c) to component (b) in the reaction mixture used to prepare the performance enhancing additive is at least 1.5:1.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the polyamine component (b) includes the moiety R1R2NCHR3CHR4NR5R6 wherein each of R1, R2 R3, R4, R5 and R6 is independently selected from hydrogen, and an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl substituent.
Abstract:
A method of assembling and/or operating apparatus for undertaking a chemical reaction. The apparatus includes a housing in which a precursor of a receptacle is arranged. A fluid (F1) may be introduced into said precursor to cause the precursor to inflate.