公开(公告)号：US6094267A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-25

申请号：US295213

申请日：1999-04-21

Applicant: Marc D. Levenson ,  Barbara A. Paldus ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Marc D. Levenson ,  Barbara A. Paldus ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/39 ,  H01S3/00 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01N21/39 ,  G01J3/30 ,  G01J3/42

Abstract: A cavity ring-down system for performing cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) using optical heterodyne detection of a ring-down wave E.sub.RD during a ring-down phase or a ring-up wave E.sub.RU during a ring up phase. The system sends a local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and a signal wave E.sub.SIGNAL to the cavity, preferably a ring resonator, and derives an interference signal from the combined local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD (or ring-up wave E.sub.RU). The local oscillator wave E.sub.LO has a first polarization and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD has a second polarization different from the first polarization. The system has a combining arrangement for combining or overlapping local oscillator wave E.sub.LO and the ring-down wave E.sub.RD at a photodetector, which receives the interference signal and generates a heterodyne current I.sub.H therefrom. Frequency and phase differences between the waves are adjustable.

Abstract translation: 一种空穴衰减系统，用于在振铃阶段期间使用环形衰减波ERR的环外波检测来执行空腔衰减光谱（CRDS）。 该系统将本地振荡器波ELO和信号波ESIGNAL发送到腔，优选地是环形谐振器，并且从组合的本地振荡器波ELO和衰减波ERD（或振铃波ERU）导出干扰信号。 本地振荡器波ELO具有第一极化，并且降波波ERD具有与第一极化不同的第二极化。 该系统具有用于组合或重叠本地振荡器波ELO和在光电检测器处的​​衰减波ERD的组合布置，其接收干扰信号并从其产生外差电流IH。 波之间的频率和相位差可调。

公开(公告)号：US5310463A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US975850

申请日：1992-11-13

Applicant: Rajeev Dadoo ,  Luis A. Colon ,  Harvey A. Fishman ,  Jason B. Shear ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Rajeev Dadoo ,  Luis A. Colon ,  Harvey A. Fishman ,  Jason B. Shear ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/16 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/84 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N30/606 ,  G01N30/16 ,  G01N30/6039 ,  G01N2030/162 ,  G01N2030/285 ,  G01N2030/8435 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/6034

Abstract: An electrophoretic or chromatographic separation capillary containing a fluid defines a bore therein through which a sample travels and separates into components. The tube has a side wall defining a through hole therein which is surrounded by a medium including a substance. The substance is introduced into the capillary through the hole by means of gravity, pressure or electroosmosis. The substance introduced may be used to label sample components to enhance detection, or to enhance separation of sample components.

Abstract translation: 含有流体的电泳或色谱分离毛细管限定了一个孔，样品通过该孔穿过并分离成组分。 管具有限定其中的通孔的侧壁，该通孔被包括物质的介质包围。 物质通过重力，压力或电沉积通过孔引入毛细管中。 引入的物质可用于标记样品组分以增强检测，或增强样品组分的分离。

公开(公告)号：US5141609A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US614830

申请日：1990-11-16

Applicant: Jonathan V. Sweedler ,  Jason B. Shear ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Jonathan V. Sweedler ,  Jason B. Shear ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/86

CPC classification number: G01N30/74 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01N30/8603 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01N2021/6417 ,  G01N2030/621 ,  G01N21/6408 ,  G01N30/8606

Abstract: This invention relates to a detection method and apparatus useful in capillary electrophoresis and capillary chromatography that employs an array of solid state detector such as a charge-coupled device operating in the time-delayed integration mode which allows more exposure time of the moving analyte zones. The CCD is synchronized so that after a normal exposure of the CCD, the charge information in every row of the CCD is shifted toward one end of the CCD and the charge/signal information in the last row is quantified. Applying the CCD and the time-delayed integration method in effect increases the effective sampling volume of the flow cell without introducing band broadening. Use of the CCD as a fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis separations allows analytes to be differentiated both in migration time and fluorescence emission, yielding detection limits for fluorophores in the 1-8.times.10.sup.-20 mole range.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于毛细管电泳和毛细管色谱法的检测方法和装置，其采用固态检测器阵列，例如以时间延迟积分模式工作的电荷耦合器件，其允许移动的分析物区域的更多的暴露时间。 CCD被同步，使得在CCD的正常曝光之后，CCD的每行中的电荷信息向CCD的一端移动，并且对最后一行的充电/信号信息进行量化。 应用CCD和时间延迟积分法有效地增加了流动池的有效采样体积，而不引入带宽。 在毛细管电泳分离中使用CCD作为荧光检测可以使分析物在迁移时间和荧光发射中均有区别，从而产生1-8x10-20摩尔范围的荧光团的检测限。

公开(公告)号：US5126023A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-30

申请号：US580259

申请日：1990-09-10

Applicant: Xiaohua Huang ,  Richard N. Zare ,  Andrew G. Ewing ,  Sandra E. Sloss

Inventor： Xiaohua Huang ,  Richard N. Zare ,  Andrew G. Ewing ,  Sandra E. Sloss

IPC: G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N27/4473

Abstract: Electrical and electrochemical end-column detectors are provided in which the sensing microelectrode is placed at the outlet of the separation capillary. The novel design minimizes the electrical interference caused by the applied high voltage during CZE separations, and provides for detectors that are easy to construct, sensitive, reliable, and easy to operate.

公开(公告)号：US5092973A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-03

申请号：US470390

申请日：1990-01-26

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Jonathan V. S. Sweedler ,  Takao Tsuda

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Jonathan V. S. Sweedler ,  Takao Tsuda

IPC: G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N27/44704 ,  G01N27/44721

Abstract: An elongated or rectangular cross-section capillary is disclosed for use in capillary electrophoresis using optical detection. With rectangular capillaries, heat is efficiently dissipated which permits large volume applications in capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the increase in cell pathlength produces significant improvements in absorbance detection sensitivity. This advantage is also important for laser-induced fluorescence, optical rotation, and other pathlength-dependent detection schemes. Because flat walls produce less optical distortion than circular capillary walls, rectangular capillaries are particularly useful when parameters such as refractive index, photodeflection, direct visualization or particle counting are used for detection. Capillary electrophoresis employing rectangular capillaries allows for two-dimensional separations.

公开(公告)号：US4908116A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-13

申请号：US359512

申请日：1989-06-01

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Xiaohua Huang ,  Raymond T. Huckaby

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Xiaohua Huang ,  Raymond T. Huckaby

IPC: G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N27/44713 ,  G01N27/4473

Abstract: A capillary tube has a structure in its wall that permits ions to flow but no substantial amount of electrolyte to move therethrough. The structure therefore permits electrical contact between the electrolyte inside the tube and the outside environment without diluting the electrolyte. The structure forms only a small part of the side wall so that the tube retains its structural integrity and can be used in electrophoresis without requiring structural support. In the preferred embodiment, the structure is formed by drilling a hole in the side wall, filling the hole with glass powder and fused silica and heating the mixture to form a frit structure to plug the hole. The frit structure permits ions to flow but substantially no electrolyte to move therethrough. Electrophoretic samples exiting from the end of the tube are not diluted and can be continuously collected, such as on top of a moving plate.

公开(公告)号：US4675300A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-23

申请号：US777179

申请日：1985-09-18

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Ernst Gassmann

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Ernst Gassmann

IPC: G01N21/76 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N33/52 ,  G01N33/536

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01N21/6428

Abstract: An electrokinetic process and apparatus employing coherent radiation-excited fluorescence for detection is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the support liquid is a chiral liquid and the process is employed to separate and detect the separation of optical isomers.