公开(公告)号：US20120205518A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-16

申请号：US13025853

申请日：2011-02-11

Applicant: Martti VOUTILAINEN ,  Markku ROUVALA ,  Pirjo PASANEN

Inventor： Martti VOUTILAINEN ,  Markku ROUVALA ,  Pirjo PASANEN

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  H01L51/48 ,  H01L51/46

CPC classification number: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J3/513

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, including a photodetecting structure with one or more photon sensing layers of graphene; and an integrated graphene field effect transistor configured to function as a pre-amplifier for the photodetecting structure, where the graphene field effect transistor is vertically integrated to the photodetecting structure.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的示例性实施例，提供一种装置，包括具有石墨烯的一个或多个光子感测层的光电检测结构; 以及被配置为用作光电检测结构的前置放大器的集成石墨烯场效应晶体管，其中石墨烯场效应晶体管垂直地集成到光电检测结构中。

公开(公告)号：US20120001761A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-05

申请号：US12828479

申请日：2010-07-01

Applicant: Martti Voutilainen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Martti Voutilainen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: G08B17/12 ,  G01T1/20

CPC classification number: G01T1/2018

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, including a scintillator configured to convert ionizing radiation into photons, and a photo detector including at least one graphene layer configured to detect said photons. In accordance with another example embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided, including receiving and detecting photons by a photo detector from a scintillator, said photo detector including at least one graphene layer configured to detect said photons, and transmitting information indicative of said detected photons from said apparatus to an external device.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的示例性实施例，提供了一种装置，包括被配置为将电离辐射转换成光子的闪烁器，以及包括被配置为检测所述光子的至少一个石墨烯层的光电检测器。 根据本发明的另一个示例性实施例，提供了一种方法，包括由闪烁体接收和检测光电子的光子，所述光电检测器包括被配置为检测所述光子的至少一个石墨烯层，以及发送指示所述光子的信息 检测到的光子从所述装置到外部装置。

公开(公告)号：US20110278545A1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-17

申请号：US12779436

申请日：2010-05-13

Applicant: Martti Kalevi Voutilainen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Martti Kalevi Voutilainen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: H01L29/66 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B38/10 ,  B32B9/04 ,  B32B38/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/1606 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B7/06 ,  B32B7/10 ,  B32B9/007 ,  B32B9/04 ,  B32B9/041 ,  B32B9/045 ,  B32B15/20 ,  B32B27/06 ,  B32B2457/00 ,  H01L21/02527 ,  H01L21/187 ,  H01L21/6835 ,  H01L29/66742 ,  H01L29/7781 ,  H01L29/78645 ,  H01L29/78648 ,  H01L29/78684 ,  H01L29/78696 ,  H01L2221/6835 ,  H01L2221/68368 ,  Y10T428/24851 ,  Y10T428/30

Abstract: An apparatus including: a stacked structure including a first substrate having a flat surface; a flat first graphene layer adjacent the flat surface of the first substrate; a flat second graphene layer adjacent the flat first graphene layer; and a second substrate having a flat surface adjacent the flat second graphene layer. An apparatus including: a stacked structure including a substrate having a flat upper surface; a flat lower patterned layer overlying the flat upper surface of the substrate and including at least one patterned electrode; a flat lower graphene layer overlying the flat lower patterned layer; a flat upper graphene layer overlying the flat lower graphene layer; and a flat upper patterned layer overlying the flat upper graphene layer and including at least one patterned electrode.

Abstract translation: 一种装置，包括：堆叠结构，包括具有平坦表面的第一基板; 与第一基板的平坦表面相邻的平坦的第一石墨烯层; 邻近平坦的第一石墨烯层的扁平的第二石墨烯层; 以及具有与平坦的第二石墨烯层相邻的平坦表面的第二基板。 一种装置，包括：堆叠结构，包括具有平坦上表面的基板; 覆盖在基板的平坦上表面上并且包括至少一个图案化电极的平的下图案层; 覆盖在平的下图案层上的平的下部石墨烯层; 覆盖在平的下部石墨烯层上的平坦的上部石墨烯层; 以及覆盖在平坦的上部石墨烯层上并且包括至少一个图案化电极的平坦的上部图案化层。

公开(公告)号：US20060019602A1

公开(公告)日：2006-01-26

申请号：US10895816

申请日：2004-07-21

Applicant: Dumitru Ionescu ,  John Terry ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Olav Tirkkonen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Dumitru Ionescu ,  John Terry ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Olav Tirkkonen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: H04B1/60

CPC classification number: H04W52/367 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0618

Abstract: In a MIMO delay spread (OFDM) system or a MIMO single carrier (non-OFDM) system wherein a transmitter transmits signals to a receiver through multipath fading channels, an equivalent frequency-domain MIMO multipath channel matrix is used to estimate the maximum mutual information regarding the relationship between transmitted signals and received signals. It is possible to compute the upper bound of the maximum mutual information at least based on the total energy of all resolvable paths in the fading channels. The upper bound or the changes in the upper bound can be used to adjust the transmission parameters used in data transmission. The transmission parameters include the modulation order in the modulation process, the code rate and the puncturing rate.

Abstract translation: 在MIMO延迟扩展（OFDM）系统或MIMO单载波（非OFDM）系统中，其中发射机通过多径衰落信道向接收机发送信号，使用等效的频域MIMO多径信道矩阵来估计最大互信息 关于发射信号和接收信号之间的关系。 至少基于衰落信道中的所有可解析路径的总能量，可以计算最大互信息的上限。 上限或上限的变化可用于调整数据传输中使用的传输参数。 传输参数包括调制过程中的调制阶数，码率和打孔速率。

公开(公告)号：US08461567B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-11

申请号：US12822892

申请日：2010-06-24

Applicant: Martti Voutilainen ,  Markku Rouvala ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Martti Voutilainen ,  Markku Rouvala ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: H01L27/14

CPC classification number: H01L27/14647 ,  H01L27/14621 ,  H01L27/14627 ,  H01L27/14683 ,  H01L29/1606

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided, including a plurality of photon sensing layers arranged on top of each other, and an intermediate layer between each two adjacent sensing layers, the sensing layers being of graphene, and each intermediate layer being configured to prevent a respective color component of light from proceeding into the photon sensing layer next to it.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明的示例性实施例，提供了一种装置，其包括布置在彼此顶部的多个光子感测层以及每两个相邻感测层之间的中间层，感测层是石墨烯，每个 中间层被配置为防止光的相应颜色分量进入与其相邻的光子感测层。

公开(公告)号：US07684753B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-23

申请号：US10895816

申请日：2004-07-21

Applicant: Dumitru Mihai Ionescu ,  John Terry ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Olav Tirkkonen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Dumitru Mihai Ionescu ,  John Terry ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Olav Tirkkonen ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: H04B1/60 ,  H04B1/00

CPC classification number: H04W52/367 ,  H04L1/0003 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L1/0618

Abstract: In a MIMO delay spread (OFDM) system or a MIMO single carrier (non-OFDM) system wherein a transmitter transmits signals to a receiver through multipath fading channels, an equivalent frequency-domain MIMO multipath channel matrix is used to estimate the maximum mutual information regarding the relationship between transmitted signals and received signals. It is possible to compute the upper bound of the maximum mutual information at least based on the total energy of all resolvable paths in the fading channels. The upper bound or the changes in the upper bound can be used to adjust the transmission parameters used in data transmission. The transmission parameters include the modulation order in the modulation process, the code rate and the puncturing rate.

Abstract translation: 在MIMO延迟扩展（OFDM）系统或MIMO单载波（non-OFDM）系统中，其中发射机通过多径衰落信道向接收机发送信号，使用等效的频域MIMO多径信道矩阵来估计最大互信息 关于发射信号和接收信号之间的关系。 至少基于衰落信道中的所有可解析路径的总能量，可以计算最大互信息的上限。 上限或上限的变化可用于调整数据传输中使用的传输参数。 传输参数包括调制过程中的调制阶数，码率和打孔速率。

公开(公告)号：US20110132438A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-09

申请号：US12630206

申请日：2009-12-03

Applicant: Pirjo PASANEN ,  Vladimir Ermolov

Inventor： Pirjo PASANEN ,  Vladimir Ermolov

IPC: D01F9/12 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  G01J1/42 ,  H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H01L51/0047 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/15 ,  H01L51/0049 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: Apparatus including one or more carbon nanotubes; one or more fullerenes directly covalently bonded to the one or more carbon nanotubes; and one or more photoactive molecules bonded to the one or more fullerenes.

Abstract translation: 包括一个或多个碳纳米管的装置; 直接共价键合到一个或多个碳纳米管上的一个或多个富勒烯; 和一种或多种结合到一种或多种富勒烯上的光活性分子。

公开(公告)号：US20080205275A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

申请号：US11718918

申请日：2005-05-17

Applicant: Mikko Rinne ,  Pirjo Pasanen

Inventor： Mikko Rinne ,  Pirjo Pasanen

IPC: G08C15/00

CPC classification number: H04W72/1226 ,  H04L47/50 ,  H04L47/56 ,  H04L47/626

Abstract: In a method for scheduling communication resources, data-flow-specific information relating to a next scheduling period for a set of data flows is determined in a first entity. The determined data-flow-specific information is submitted to a second entity, where communication resource properties for communication resources are estimated. Communication resources in the next scheduling period are allocated in the second entity based at least on said data-flow-specific information and said communication resource properties.

Abstract translation: 在用于调度通信资源的方法中，在第一实体中确定与一组数据流有关的下一个调度周期的数据流特定信息。 确定的数据流特定信息被提交给第二实体，其中估计用于通信资源的通信资源属性。 至少基于所述数据流特定信息和所述通信资源属性，在第二实体中分配下一调度周期中的通信资源。

公开(公告)号：US07386036B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-10

申请号：US10749662

申请日：2003-12-31

Applicant: Pirjo Pasanen ,  Olav Tirkkonen

Inventor： Pirjo Pasanen ,  Olav Tirkkonen

IPC: H04B3/36 ,  H04B7/14

CPC classification number: H04W88/06 ,  H04W84/22

Abstract: A method, device, and system in which radio links between relays and users are optimized separately from the links between relays and base stations and in which multiple simultaneous data streams between relays and base stations are created. The system includes transceivers of at least three kinds with two kinds of radio interfaces. The first kind of transceiver, a base station (BS), is connected to the core network with a link of wire line quality. The second kind, a relay station (RS), is connected to the BS with a first radio interface, and to the third kind, the user equipment (UE), with a second radio interface. The first and second radio interfaces can operate, at least in part, using the same frequency bandwidth. The UE can also connect directly to the BS using the second radio interface if the BS is closer than any RS.

Abstract translation: 一种方法，设备和系统，其中继电器和用户之间的无线电链路与继电器和基站之间的链路分开优化，并且其中创建了继电器和基站之间的多个同时数据流。 该系统包括具有两种无线电接口的至少三种收发器。 基站（BS）的第一种收发信机通过线路质量链路连接到核心网络。 第二种是中继站（RS），其具有第一无线电接口到BS，而第三种类型的用户设备（UE）具有第二无线电接口。 第一和第二无线电接口可以至少部分地使用相同的频率带宽。 如果BS比任何RS更近，UE也可以使用第二无线电接口直接连接到BS。

公开(公告)号：US20070030825A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-08

申请号：US11196778

申请日：2005-08-03

Applicant: Pirjo Pasanen ,  Olav Tirkkonnen ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Mihai Ionescu ,  John Terry

Inventor： Pirjo Pasanen ,  Olav Tirkkonnen ,  Victor Stolpman ,  Mihai Ionescu ,  John Terry

IPC: H04Q7/00

CPC classification number: H04L5/006 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0046

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, for allocating data to communication channels of a multiple-input communication system and to select power levels at which the data is caused to be communicated upon the communication channels. Data allocation is made responsive to communication quality indications that identify communication conditions on the different ones of the channels. Data allocation and power level allocation is made to achieve best a selected performance parameter.

Abstract translation: 用于将数据分配给多输入通信系统的通信信道的装置和相关方法，以及选择使数据在通信信道上进行通信的功率电平。 数据分配响应于识别不同信道上的通信条件的通信质量指示。 进行数据分配和功率电平分配以获得最佳选择的性能参数。