公开(公告)号：US4735706A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-05

申请号：US867124

申请日：1986-05-27

Applicant: John A. Ruether

Inventor： John A. Ruether

IPC: C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/08 ,  B01J2/06 ,  C10L5/16

CPC classification number: C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/083

Abstract: In a coal liquefaction process an aqueous slurry of coal is prepared containing a dissolved liquefaction catalyst. A small quantity of oil is added to the slurry and then coal-oil agglomerates are prepared by agitation of the slurry at atmospheric pressure. The resulting mixture of agglomerates, excess water, dissolved catalyst, and unagglomerated solids is pumped to reaction pressure and then passed through a drainage device where all but a small amount of surface water is removed from the agglomerates. Sufficient catalyst for the reaction is contained in surface water remaining on the agglomerates. The agglomerates fall into the liquefaction reactor countercurrently to a stream of hot gas which is utilized to dry and preheat the agglomerates as well as deposit catalyst on the agglomerates before they enter the reactor where they are converted to primarily liquid products under hydrogen pressure.

Abstract translation: 在煤液化过程中，制备含有溶解的液化催化剂的煤的含水浆料。 向浆料中加入少量油，然后通过在大气压下搅拌浆料来制备煤油附聚物。 将所得的附聚物，过量水，溶解的催化剂和未分散固体的混合物泵送至反应压力，然后通过排水装置，除了少量的表面水从附聚物中除去。 用于反应的足够的催化剂包含在残留在附聚物上的表面水中。 附聚物与热气流逆流地落入液化反应器中，该热气流用于在附聚物进入反应器之前将附聚物以及沉积催化剂沉积在凝聚物上并将其预热，在氢气压力下它们被转化为主要的液体产物。

公开(公告)号：US5015366A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-14

申请号：US506739

申请日：1990-04-10

Applicant: John A. Ruether ,  Theodore B. Simpson

Inventor： John A. Ruether ,  Theodore B. Simpson

IPC: C10G1/00

CPC classification number: C10G1/00

Abstract: In a coal liquefaction process an aqueous slurry of coal is prepared containing a dissolved liquefaction catalyst. A small quantity of oil is added to the slurry and then coal-oil agglomerates are prepared by agitation of the slurry at atmospheric pressure. The resulting mixture is drained of excess water and dried at atmospheric pressure leaving catalyst deposited on the agglomerates. The agglomerates then are fed to an extrusion device where they are formed into a continuous ribbon of extrudate and fed into a hydrogenation reactor at elevated pressure and temperature. The catalytic hydrogenation converts the extrudate primarily to liquid hydrocarbons in the reactor. The liquid drained in recovering the agglomerates is recycled.

Abstract translation: 在煤液化过程中，制备含有溶解的液化催化剂的煤的含水浆料。 向浆料中加入少量油，然后通过在大气压下搅拌浆料来制备煤油附聚物。 将所得混合物排出过量水并在大气压下干燥，留下催化剂沉积在附聚物上。 然后将团块进料到挤出装置中，在挤出装置中将它们形成连续的挤出物带，并在升高的压力和温度下进料到氢化反应器中。 催化氢化将挤出物主要转化为反应器中的液体烃。 在回收附聚物时排出的液体被再循环。

公开(公告)号：US4775387A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-04

申请号：US105166

申请日：1987-10-07

Applicant: Nand K. Narain ,  John A. Ruether ,  Dennis N. Smith

Inventor： Nand K. Narain ,  John A. Ruether ,  Dennis N. Smith

IPC: C10L9/02 ,  C10L10/00

CPC classification number: C10L9/02

Abstract: Finely divided, clean coal or other carbonaceous material is provided by forming a slurry of coarse coal in aqueous alkali solution and heating the slurry under pressure to above the critical conditions of steam. The supercritical fluid penetrates and is trapped in the porosity of the coal as it swells in a thermoplastic condition at elevated temperature. By a sudden, explosive release of pressure the coal is fractured into finely divided particles with release of sulfur-containing gases and minerals. The finely divided coal is recovered from the minerals for use as a clean coal product.

Abstract translation: 通过在碱性水溶液中形成粗煤的浆料并在压力下将浆料加热至高于蒸汽的临界条件，提供清洁的煤或其它碳质材料。 当超高临界流体在高温下在热塑性条件下膨胀时，超临界流体渗透并被捕获在煤的孔隙中。 突然爆炸释放压力，煤被破碎成细碎的颗粒，释放含硫气体和矿物质。 细碎的煤从矿物中回收，用作清洁煤产品。

公开(公告)号：US4695372A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-22

申请号：US863650

申请日：1986-05-15

Applicant: Robert P. Warzinski ,  John A. Ruether

Inventor： Robert P. Warzinski ,  John A. Ruether

IPC: B03B1/04 ,  B03B9/00 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/04 ,  C10L9/00 ,  C10G17/04

CPC classification number: B03B1/04 ,  B03B9/005 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/002 ,  C10G1/04 ,  C10L9/00 ,  Y10S208/952

Abstract: A carbonaceous material such as coal is conditioned by contact with a supercritical fluid prior to physical beneficiation. The solid feed material is contacted with an organic supercritical fluid such as cyclohexane or methanol at temperatures slightly above the critical temperature and pressures of 1 to 4 times the critical pressure. A minor solute fraction is extracted into critical phase and separated from the solid residuum. The residuum is then processed by physical separation such as by froth flotation or specific gravity separation to recover a substantial fraction thereof with reduced ash content. The solute in supercritical phase can be released by pressure reduction and recombined with the low-ash, carbonaceous material.

Abstract translation: 碳质材料如煤通过在物理选矿之前与超临界流体接触来调节。 在稍高于临界温度和临界压力的1至4倍的压力的温度下，固体进料与有机超临界流体如环己烷或甲醇接触。 将小溶质馏分提取到临界相中并从固体残渣中分离出来。 然后通过物理分离例如通过泡沫浮选或比重分离来处理残渣，以回收其灰分含量降低的其实质部分。 超临界相中的溶质可以通过减压释放，并与低灰分碳质材料重新组合。

公开(公告)号：US4102778A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-25

申请号：US675342

申请日：1976-04-09

Applicant: John A. Ruether

Inventor： John A. Ruether

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J35/08 ,  C10G49/00 ,  C10G23/02 ,  C10G23/16

CPC classification number: B01J8/02 ,  B01J35/08 ,  B01J8/06 ,  C10G49/00 ,  B01J2208/00079 ,  B01J2208/0015 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/00539 ,  B01J2208/0061

Abstract: This invention comprises a method of achieving a highly efficient use of catalyst in conducting hydrogenation reactions of hydrocarbons in the liquid state by means of solid catalysts. The catalyst is wholly contained in a microporous layer no thicker than 200 microns deposited on the outside surface of otherwise inert support particles. The catalyst particles, of the order of 10 mm diameter, are contained in a fixed, vertical, packed bed, and are brought into contact with the liquid hydrocarbon and hydrogen by passing the two fluids in cocurrent flow, either upwards or downwards, through the bed at substantially greater gas velocities than are usually employed in fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The effect of the high gas velocity is to achieve substantially higher heat and mass transfer rates among the three phases (catalyst, liquid hydrocarbon, and gaseous hydrogen) than are achievable under conventional conditions of operation of fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The combined effects of the high gas velocity and the mode of deposition of the catalytically active components on the catalyst support, are the achievement of a large global reaction rate in the reactor, combined with a high internal effectiveness factor for the catalyst. For fast hydrogenation reactions, for which the invention is most advantageously employed, a comparable efficiency of catalyst utilization can at present be achieved only by using catalyst in the form of powder or granules so small as to preclude their use in a fixed bed reactor.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括一种通过固体催化剂实现催化剂在液态烃的氢化反应中的高效利用的方法。 催化剂完全包含在沉积在其它惰性载体颗粒的外表面上的不厚于200微米的微孔层中。 大约10mm直径的催化剂颗粒被包含在固定的，垂直的填充床中，并且通过使两种流体以并流的方式向上或向下流过液态烃和氢，通过 床以比通常用于液化碳氢化合物的固定床催化反应器中通常使用的气体速度大得多。 高气体速度的作用是在三相（催化剂，液态烃和气态氢）之间实现显着更高的热和质量传递速率，而不是在用于氢化烃的固定床催化反应器的常规操作条件下实现的 液态。 催化活性组分的高气体速度和沉积模式对催化剂载体的组合效应是在反应器中实现大的全局反应速率，加上催化剂的高内部有效因子。 对于本发明最有利地使用的快速氢化反应，目前可以通过使用如此小的粉末或颗粒形式的催化剂来排除其在固定床反应器中的使用，实现了相当的催化剂利用效率。