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    Optical reflectance gauge and method therefor
    1.
    发明授权
    Optical reflectance gauge and method therefor 失效
    光学反射计及其方法

    公开(公告)号：US3994602A

    公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

    申请号：US576543

    申请日：1975-05-12

    Applicant: John J. Howarth

    Inventor： John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N21/53 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G01N21/26

    CPC classification number: G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N33/343 ,  Y10S162/10

    Abstract: An optical reflectance gauge which serves as a chlorination sensor for paper pulp in which a spectrum of the bulk of the material is obtained by use of displaced windows in the pulp pipe. One window has a radiation source associated with it and the other a radiation detector. The distance between such windows is determined to provide for insensitivity to small changes in consistency for measurement of chlorination. A mechanical arrangement is also provided for easier coupling of the gauge to a pulp pipe.

    Abstract translation: 用作纸浆的氯化传感器的光学反射计，其中通过在纸浆管中使用位移的窗口获得大部分材料的光谱。 一个窗口具有与其相关联的辐射源，另一个窗口具有辐射探测器。 这种窗口之间的距离被确定为对氯化测量的一致性的小变化提供不敏感性。 还提供了机械装置，用于更容易地将量规与纸浆管连接。

    Apparatus for measuring a predetermined characteristic of a material using two or more wavelengths of radiation
    3.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for measuring a predetermined characteristic of a material using two or more wavelengths of radiation 失效
    用于使用两个或更多个辐射波长测量材料的预定特性的装置

    公开(公告)号：US3965356A

    公开(公告)日：1976-06-22

    申请号：US581836

    申请日：1975-05-29

    Applicant: John J. Howarth

    Inventor： John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/26 ,  G01J3/34

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314

    Abstract: Measuring apparatus is used as a control element to maintain the correct ratio of chlorine to pulp in a bleach plant. Two diffusing windows are used; one to randomly radiate electromagnetic energy into the pulp and the other to receive radiation from the bulk of the pulp and reradiate it. Two bands of radiation are examined; one in the visible and the other in the infrared. Rather than using a conventional beam splitter, two detection systems, differing only in their spectral pass band, are used. Their optical axes converge in the center of the receiving window so that identical images of the receiving window can be projected on each of the detectors. The detector system allows the use of interference type filters which require sensibly parallel radiation. In addition to sensing the brightness of pulp, which is affected by the amount of chlorine, the above apparatus is useful for concurrently measuring opacity, moisture content, and basis weight of a moving sheet. A single sided moisture gauge is also provided which eliminates the effects of flutter.

    Abstract translation: 测量装置用作控制元件，以在漂白设备中保持氯与纸浆的正确比例。 使用两个扩散窗口; 一个随机地将电磁能辐射到纸浆中，另一个用于接收来自大量纸浆的辐射并重新辐射。 检查两个辐射带; 一个在可见的，另一个在红外线。 不是使用常规的光束分离器，而是使用仅在其光谱通过带上不同的两个检测系统。 它们的光学轴会聚在接收窗口的中心，使得接收窗口的相同图像可以投射在每个检测器上。 检测器系统允许使用需要明智平行辐射的干涉型滤波器。 除了受氯量影响的纸浆的亮度以外，上述装置除了同时测量移动片材的不透明度，含水量和基重之外，还是有用的。 还提供了单面湿度计，消除了颤动的影响。

    Titration apparatus and method therefor
    5.
    发明授权
    Titration apparatus and method therefor 失效
    滴定仪及其方法

    公开(公告)号：US4012197A

    公开(公告)日：1977-03-15

    申请号：US629859

    申请日：1975-11-07

    Applicant: John J. Howarth

    Inventor： John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/10 ,  G01N31/16 ,  D21C3/24

    CPC classification number: G01N27/10 ,  G01N31/164

    Abstract: A titration apparatus and method therefor for determining the available alkali in a Kamyr or batch digester includes a sample vessel and a reference vessel suspended within the system itself in either the digester or associated pipelines. Carbon dioxide is used as a titrant and the end point is determined by a computer monitoring conductivity.

    Abstract translation: 用于确定Kamyr或间歇式蒸煮器中可用碱的滴定装置及其方法包括在蒸煮器或相关管道中悬浮在系统本身内的样品容器和参考容器。 二氧化碳用作滴定剂，终点由计算机监测电导率确定。

    Apparatus to measure select properties of a moving sheet with improved standardization means
    8.
    发明授权
    Apparatus to measure select properties of a moving sheet with improved standardization means 失效
    用改进的标准化手段测量移动片材的选择性能的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4319847A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-16

    申请号：US100417

    申请日：1979-12-05

    Applicant: John J. Howarth

    Inventor： John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N21/89 ,  G01B21/30 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/892 ,  G01N21/93 ,  G01N21/47

    CPC classification number: G01N21/86

    Abstract: An apparatus to measure select properties such as color, brightness or gloss, of a moving sheet, is insensitive to flutter in the sheet. The apparatus comprises a housing to one side of said sheet. A source is located in the housing; the source is capable of emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation which is aligned to impinge the sheet. The radiation is selected such that it is capable of being absorbed and being reflected by the select properties of the sheet. A collector is also located in the housing; the collector is capable of receiving a portion of the beam reflected from the sheet. A detector capable of measuring the select properties of the sheet based upon the radiation received by the collector is also provided. The housing is held at a constant distance from the sheet by a stream of fluid from the housing directed to impinge the sheet in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet. A standardization member is to the other side of the sheet. The standardization member is also held at a constant distance from the sheet by a stream of fluid from the member directed to impinge the sheet along a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet and in linear alignment with the stream of fluid from the housing. The standardization member can be a continuously cleaned member or a member with a plurality of standardization surfaces.

    Abstract translation: 用于测量移动片材的选择性质如颜色，亮度或光泽度的装置对片材中的颤动不敏感。 该装置包括一个壳体到所述片材的一侧。 来源位于房屋中; 该源能够发射对齐以撞击片材的电磁辐射束。 选择辐射使其能够被片材的选择性质吸收并反射。 集电器也位于外壳内; 收集器能够接收从片材反射的光束的一部分。 还提供了能够基于由收集器接收的辐射来测量片材的选择性质的检测器。 壳体通过来自壳体的流体流与片材保持恒定的距离，定向成沿着基本垂直于片材的方向冲击片材。 标准化成员是表格的另一面。 标准化构件还通过来自构件的流体流与片材保持恒定的距离，该流体指向片材沿着基本垂直于片材的方向冲击片材并与来自壳体的流体流线性对准。 标准化构件可以是连续清洁的构件或具有多个标准化表面的构件。

    Apparatus to measure select properties of a moving sheet
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus to measure select properties of a moving sheet 失效
    用于测量移动片材的选择性质的装置

    公开(公告)号：US4277177A

    公开(公告)日：1981-07-07

    申请号：US100416

    申请日：1979-12-05

    Applicant: Tor G. Larsen ,  John J. Howarth

    Inventor： Tor G. Larsen ,  John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N21/89 ,  G01B11/06 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/892 ,  G01N21/47

    CPC classification number: G01N21/86 ,  G01B2210/42

    Abstract: An apparatus to measure select properties such as color, brightness or gloss, of a moving sheet, is insensitive to flutter in the sheet. The apparatus comprises a housing to one side of said sheet. A source is located in the housing; the source is capable of emitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation which is aligned to impinge the sheet. The radiation is selected such that it is capable of being absorbed and being reflected by the select properties of the sheet. A collector is also located in the housing; the collector is capable of receiving a portion of the beam reflected from the sheet. A detector capable of measuring the select properties of the sheet based upon the radiation received by the collector is also provided. The housing is held at a constant distance from the sheet by a stream of fluid from the housing directed to impinge the sheet in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet. A standardization member is to the other side of the sheet. The standardization member is also held at a constant distance from the sheet by a stream of fluid from the member directed to impinge the sheet along a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet and in linear alignment with the stream of fluid from the housing.

    Abstract translation: 用于测量移动片材的选择性质如颜色，亮度或光泽度的装置对片材中的颤动不敏感。 该装置包括一个壳体到所述片材的一侧。 来源位于房屋中; 该源能够发射对齐以撞击片材的电磁辐射束。 选择辐射使其能够被片材的选择性质吸收并反射。 集电器也位于外壳内; 收集器能够接收从片材反射的光束的一部分。 还提供了能够基于由收集器接收的辐射来测量片材的选择性质的检测器。 壳体通过来自壳体的流体流与片材保持恒定的距离，定向成沿着基本垂直于片材的方向冲击片材。 标准化成员是表格的另一面。 标准化构件还通过来自构件的流体流与片材保持恒定的距离，该流体指向片材沿着基本垂直于片材的方向冲击片材并与来自壳体的流体流线性对准。

    Method and apparatus for measuring the amount of moisture that is associated with a web of moving material
    10.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for measuring the amount of moisture that is associated with a web of moving material 失效
    用于测量与移动材料幅材相关联的水分量的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4006358A

    公开(公告)日：1977-02-01

    申请号：US586347

    申请日：1975-06-12

    Applicant: John J. Howarth

    Inventor： John J. Howarth

    IPC: G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/34 ,  G01N21/34

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314

    Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for measuring the moisture contained by a moving sheet of web material includes a water simulating filter in a typical dual wavelength moisture gauge which provides transmission ratios. The relationship between the change of ratios of various samples of the material with different moisture content with the change of the filter ratios when various layers of moist dirt are placed in the gauge transmission path is used to provide a corrected transmission ratio from which water weight can easily be determined. The method is also applicable to polymer coatings or similar substances.

    Abstract translation: 一种改进的方法和装置，用于测量纸幅材料移动片所含的水分，包括提供传动比的典型双波长湿度计中的水模拟过滤器。 使用不同含水量的材料的各种样品的比例变化与各种潮湿污垢放置在量规传输路径中时的过滤器比率的变化之间的关系，以提供校正的传动比，其中水重可以从 容易确定。 该方法也适用于聚合物涂料或类似物质。

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