Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a polymer solid electrolyte which has satisfactory transparency, conductivity and mechanical characteristics and which can be made to possess into an easy aspect for an electrochromic device by incorporating a polymer binder, filler, conductive salt, plasticizer to convert ions into a solvent, and other additives as necessary, and specifying each of the transmittance for light, conductivity, and glass transition temperature. SOLUTION: This electrolyte contains a polymer binder, filler having 1 nm to 20 nm primary grain size, conductive salt, plasticizer to convert ions into a solvent and other selective additives and auxiliary agents, and has higher than 80% transmittance for light, higher than 10-6 S/cm conductivity at 20 deg.C and lower than -30 deg.C glass transition temperature Tg. As for the polymer binder, any polymer having proper transparency which can be subjected to thermoplastic treatment can be used, and a thermoplastic resin having higher than 80% trasmittance for light in the UV/VIS region is especially suitable. The filler is preferably an inorganic filler, having primary grain size in the range of 1 nm to 300 nm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to polyester-polyether block copolymers which can be produced by the catalytically induced attachment of alkylene oxides to H functional starting materials. Said copolymers are characterised in that polyester alcohols are used as the H functional starting materials and multi-metal cyanide compounds are used as the catalysts.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a polymer composition in which at least 1) a polymerization of a mixture comprised of a) from 60 to 99.999 wt. % styrene or a styrene derivative of general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 are each independent of one another, represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and denote n 1 or 2 or a mixture of two or more thereof; b) 0 to 40 wt. % of a C1-C12 alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, acrylamide or methacrylamide which can be substituted on the amide nitrogen by one or two C1-C4 alkyl groups, maleinic acid anhydride or maleinic acid imide, which can be substituted on the imide nitrogen by one C1-C4 alkyl group or a mixture thereof; and c) 0 to 20 wt. % of one or more hydroxy containing acrylate or methacrylate derivatives; d) 0.001 to 20 wt. % of a monomer comprising two or more radical polymerizable functional groups as a cross-linker to obtain the prepolymer A, whereby, when the monomer component (c) is absent, hydroxyl groups in A are incorporated by using regulators containing hydroxyl groups. 2) A polycondensation of a mixture is carried out in which said mixture is comprised of alpha ) 5 to 95 wt. % of the prepolymer A, beta ) 0 to 95 wt. % of one polyol, one polyester or one polamide or a mixture thereof, and gamma ) 5 to 95 wt. % of at least one aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid with at least two carboxylic groups or esters of C1-C20 hydrocarbon alcohols in the molecule or at least one anhydride or a mixture thereof.
Abstract:
The invention relates to multi-metal cyanide compounds of the general formula (I). In said formula: M represents at least one metal ion, selected from the group containing Zn , Fe , Co , Ni , Mn , Pb , Fe , Mo , Mo , Al , V , Sr , W , W , Cu , Cr , Cr , Cd , Hg , Pd , Pt , V , Mg , Ca , Ba ; M represents at least one metal ion, selected from the group containing Fe , Fe , Co , Cr , Mn , Mn , Rh , Ru , Ru , V , V , Co , Ir and Cr and M is different from M ; X represents at least one anion, selected from the group containing halide, hydroxide, sulphate, carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, carboxylate, in particular, formiate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, nitrate; A represents at least one anion, selected from the group containing halide, hydroxide, sulphate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, carboxylate or nitrate, in particular, cyanide; a, b, c and d are whole or fractional numbers which are selected in such a way, that the electroneutrality of the cyanide compound is guaranteed, whereby a, b and d are greater than zero and c is greater than or equal to zero; e is a whole or fractional number greater than zero and h is a whole or fractional number greater than or equal to zero; and f and g are whole or fractional numbers which are selected in such a way that the electroneutrality of M fXg is guaranteed.
Abstract:
A composite comprises Aa) at least one first layer which comprises a mixture Ia, comprising a mix IIa consisting of a) from 1 to 95 % by weight of a solid III, preferably a basic solid III, having a primary particle size of from 5 nm to 20 mu m and b) from 5 to 99 % by weight of a polymeric composition IV obtainable by polymerization of b1) from 5 to 100 % by weight, based on the composition IV, of a condensation product V of alpha ) at least one compound VI which is able to react with a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid or a derivative or a mixture of two or more thereof, and beta ) at least 1 mol per mol of the compound VI of a carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid VII which contains at least one free-radically polymerizable functional group, or a derivative thereof or a mixture of two or more thereof, and b2) from 0 to 95 % by weight, based on the composition IV, of a further compound VIII having a mean molecular weight (number average) of at least 5000 and polyether segments in the main chain or a side chain, where the proportion by weight of the mix IIa in the mixture Ia is from 1 to 100 % by weight, and the layer is free of an electron-conducting, electrochemically active compound, and B) at least one second layer which comprises an electron-conducting, electrochemically active compound, wherein the first layer or layers and the second layer or layers are joined to one another by one of the two methods V1 or V2: V1) Lamination of the first layer or layers with the second layer or layers under the action of heat or pressure or under the action of heat and pressure, or V2 Corona treatment of the first layer or layers, the second layer or layers or the first layer or layers and the second layer or layers and subsequent bringing together of the corona-treated first layer or layers with the corona-treated or untreated second layer or layers.
Abstract:
La invencion proporciona un proceso para la preparacion continua de alcoholes de polieter mediante la adicion de oxidos de alquileno a sustancias iniciadoras funcionales de H usando un catalizador de DMC, que comprende las etapas de: a) preparar un precursor por la dosificacion continua de una sustancia iniciadora, funcional de H, un oxido de alquileno o una mezcla de al menos dos oxidos de alquileno y la cantidad requerida del catalizador de DMC en un reactor continuo, b) extraer continuamente el precursor de la etapa a) del reactor, c) dosificar continuamente el producto de la etapa a) , un oxido de alquileno diferente de aquel en la etapa a) o una mezcla de al menos dos oxidos de alquileno diferentes de aquel en la etapa a) y, si es apropiado, la cantidad requerida del catalizador de DMC en un reactor continuo adicional.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of polyether alcohols b y catalytic addition of at least two alkylene oxides to H-functional starting materials. Said method is characterised in that at least one multi-metal cyanide compound is used as catalyst and in the course of the addition to the starting material at least one oxyalykylene unit is incorporated, during which a common dosing of at least two alkylene oxides occurs, whereby during said common dosing the ratio of the amounts of alkylene oxides to each other is varied.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la obtención de poliéteralcoholes con un peso molecular desde 500 hasta 50.000 Dalton y una funcionalidad desde 1 hasta 8 mediante polimerización con apertura del anillo de óxidos de alquileno, caracterizado porque se emplea, a modo de catalizador, al menos un compuesto de cianuro multimetálico con una constitución cristalina, de la fórmula general (I) M1a[M2(CN)bAc]d * e M1fXg * h H2 O (I) en la que M1 significa, al menos, un ión metálico elegido del grupo que contiene Zn2+, Fe2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Mo4+, Mo6+, Al3+, V5+, Sr2+, W4+, W6+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pd2+, Pt2+, V2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ y mezclas de los mismos, M2 significa, al menos, un ión metálico, elegido del grupo constituido por Fe2+, Fe3+, Co3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Rh3+, Ru2+, Ru3+, V4+, V5+, Co2+, Ir3+ y Cr2+ y siendo M2 diferente de M1, X significa, al menos, un anión elegido del grupo constituido por halogenuro, hidróxido, sulfato, carbonato, cianuro, tiocianato, isocianato, carboxilato, especialmente formiato, acetato, propionato, oxalato, nitrato, A significa, al menos, un anión elegido del grupo formado por halogenuro, hidróxido, sulfato, carbonato, cianuro, tiocianato, isocianato, carboxilato o nitrato, especialmente cianuro, pudiendo ser A igual que o diferente de X, y a, b, c y d significan números enteros o fraccionarios, que se eligen de tal manera que se garantice la neutralidad electrónica del compuesto de cianuro, siendo a, b y d mayor que cero y siendo c mayor o igual que cero, e significa un número entero o fraccionario mayor que cero, así como f y g significan números enteros o fraccionarios, que se eligen de tal manera que se garantice la neutralidad electrónica de M1fXg, h significa un número entero o fraccionario mayor o igual que cero, que se ha fabricado mediante el empleo de un ácido hexacianocobáltico.
Abstract:
In a process for preparing polyether alcohols by catalytic addition of at least two alkylene oxides onto H-functional initiator substances, at least one multimetal cyanide compound is used as catalyst and the addition of the alkylene oxides onto the initiator substance includes incorporation of at least one oxyalkylene block during whose formation at least two alkylene oxides are metered in together and the ratio of the alkylene oxides to one another in the mixture is changed during the joint introduction.