公开(公告)号：JPH10214992A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-11

申请号：JP883298

申请日：1998-01-20

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BOJARCZUK NESTOR A JR ,  GUHA SUPRATIK ,  HAIGHT RICHARD ALAN

IPC: H01L33/08 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L33/00

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To emit an ultraviolet or blue light which can be converted efficiently into a visible light by applying a photoluminescence, in the form of an organic layer, onto an electroluminescence principally comprising inorganic GaN. SOLUTION: Al is deposited on a sapphire substrate 21 and subjected to a flow of excited nitrogen atoms and molecules in order to grow an AlN nucleus formation layer before Ga and Si are deposited thermally and an Si doped n-type GaN layer 12 is grown. Subsequently, Mg is deposited thermally and an Mg doped p-type GaN layer 14 is grown. Thereafter, an electric contact 16 to the p-type GaN layer 14 is formed by electron beam vacuum deposition of Ni/Au/Al and a part of the device structure is removed by etching thus exposing an n-type doped region 12 for second electric contact 18. Finally, the device is placed in a vacuum chamber and applied with a thin layer 20 of color conversion organic substance, i.e., Alq3 , by thermal deposition.

公开(公告)号：JPH10223377A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-21

申请号：JP1932398

申请日：1998-01-30

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： GUHA SUPRATIK ,  HAIGHT RICHARD ALAN ,  KARASINSKI JOSEPH M ,  TROUTMAN RONALD R

IPC: H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H05B33/12 ,  H05B33/14 ,  H05B33/22 ,  H05B33/26

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic light emitting diode having a transparent cathode structure. SOLUTION: This structure has a metal thin film 64 having a low work function, and this metal thin film 64 is brought into direct contact with an electron transport layer 62 and is covered with a layer 66 of a broad band gap semiconductor. Since calcium has relatively high optical energy transmittance, and has the ability to form an electron injection contact having excellent properties for an organic substance, the metal forming the metal thin film 64 is preferably made of calcium. In addition, ZnSe, ZnS or their alloys exhibit excellent conductivity in a direction parallel to emission light, and has the ability to protect a low work function metal and an organic film in a lower layer, and is transparent for the emission light. Therefore, a semiconductor forming the semiconductor layer 66 is preferably selected from a group consisting of ZnSe, ZnS or their alloys.

公开(公告)号：JPH10144957A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-29

申请号：JP24224697

申请日：1997-09-08

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HAIGHT RICHARD ALAN ,  TROUTMAN RONALD ROY

IPC: H01L51/50 ,  H01L33/00 ,  H01L51/05 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H05B33/26 ,  H05B33/28 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H05B33/22

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure for protecting an organic light-emitting material from a damage and the inner dissipation of an electrode that is adhered later, while maintaining improved optical property, electron injection, and adhesion performance. SOLUTION: ITO (indium oxide) or Al bottom part layer 24 is deposited on a Si substrate 22, and then 125Å CuPc 26, 600Å diamine 28, and 650Å Alq 3 and 30 are deposited successively. A thin layer 32, made of Alq that functions as a diffusion barrier, is deposited on the Alq 3 covering 30. Further, a transparent cathode material 34, such as ZnS, GaN, ITO, and ZnSe or the combination of these materials is deposited.

公开(公告)号：GB2490389B

公开(公告)日：2013-06-19

申请号：GB201204933

申请日：2012-03-21

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： MARTIN YVES ,  KESSEL THEODORE GERARD VAN ,  HAIGHT RICHARD ALAN

IPC: H01L31/052

Abstract: A light pipe that can be employed for a Concentrator Photo-Voltaic (CPV) system is provided. The light pipe homogenizes light by diffusion and/or refraction, and can be embodied in a structure that has a low aspect ratio. The diffusion and/or refraction can be effected by concave or convex surfaces of a transparent medium that forms a body of the light pipe, by light diffracting particles, and/or by a diffracting surface. Optionally, multiple transparent media can be employed with a refracting and/or diffracting interface therebetween. The reduced aspect ratio of the light pipe can improve reliability of mechanical alignment in the CPV system as well as reducing the cost of manufacturing and/or aligning the light pipe within the CPV system.

公开(公告)号：GB2490389A

公开(公告)日：2012-10-31

申请号：GB201204933

申请日：2012-03-21

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： MARTIN YVES ,  KESSEL THEODORE GERARD VAN ,  HAIGHT RICHARD ALAN

IPC: H01L31/052

Abstract: A light-pipe 10 suitable for use within an solar concentrator assembly has a monotonically tapering width between two sidewalls 21 and the light-pipe is suitable to be positioned between a focussing element 132 and a photo-voltaic cell 12. Preferably such an assembly is repeatedly used in an array (figures 1a,b). The light-pipe has a non-planar surface 25 that contributes by diffraction and/or refraction to the homogenisation of light at the exit of the light-pipe at cell surface 22. The light pipe comprises a transparent material. Figure 5 show only one possibility for a non-planar surface of the light-pipe with multiple concave and convex portions; figure 4 shows multiple concave shapes for surface (24), figure 3 shows a single concave surface (23). Embodiments of Figures 3 to 5 have a de-focussing effect. Figure 6 shows a surface carrying multiple transparent particles (26). Figure 7 shows a diffraction grating or surface with randomized depressions (27) formed on or in a transparent layer (40). Embodiments of figures 8 to 10 show a non-planar interface (28, 29, 30) formed between at least second transparent material layer (50) that preferably has a different refractive index to the underlying light-pipe 10. Figure 11 shows particles (26) within such a second transparent material layer (50).