Abstract:
The resolution and the signal-to-noise ration of known force sensors as e.g. capacitive force sensors decrease when scaling them down. To solve this problem there is a solution presented by the usage of a nanostructure as e.g. a carbo nanotube, which is mechanically deformed by a force to be measured. The proposed force sensors comprises a support with two arms carrying the carbon nanotube. The main advantage of this force sensor is a very high sensitivity as the conductance of carbon nanotubes changes several orders of magnitude when a mechanical deformation arises.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for identifying the state (point of rupture 2) of electrically conductive oblong tensioning elements (1) involving the following steps: launching an electromagnetic measurement signal into a tensioning element (1a); changing the frequency; measuring the reflection spectrum, and; identifying the state of the tensioning element (1a) according to the resonance frequencies. Said signal is launched on the fore-part or on the periphery. In the event of coupled tensioning elements (1), a scattering matrix system of equations is iteratively devised. The invention is used in the construction industry for prestressed concrete structures and rear anchored systems.
Abstract:
An ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) element formed in a cantilever configuration is used in a highly sensitive, ultra-small sensor for measuring acceleration, shock, vibration and static pressure over a wide dynamic range. The cantilever UNCD element (16) may be used in combination with a single anode, with measurements made either optically (20) or by capacitance (34). In another embodiment, the cantilever UNCD element (78) is disposed between two anodes (80, 82), with DC voltages (V1, V2) applied to the two anodes. With a small AC modulated voltage (90) applied to the UNCD cantilever element and because of the symmetry of the applied voltage and the anode-cathode gap distance in the Fowler-Nordheim equation, any change in the anode voltage ratio V1/V2 required to maintain a specified current ratio precisely matches any displacement of the UNCD lever from equilibrium. By measuring changes in the anode voltage ratio required to maintain a specified current ratio, the deflection of the UNCD cantilever element can be precisely determined. By appropriately modulating the voltages applied between the UNCD cantilever and the two anodes, or limit electrodes, precise independent measurements of pressure, uniaxial acceleration, vibration and shock can be made.
Abstract:
An optically transparent force sensor that may compensate for environmental effects, including, for example, variations in temperature of the device or the surroundings. In some examples, two force-sensitive layers are separated by a compliant layer. The relative electrical response of the two force-sensitive layers may be used to compute an estimate of the force of a touch that reduces the effect of variations in temperature. In some examples, piezoelectric films having anisotropic strain properties are used to reduce the effects of temperature.
Abstract:
A planar electric circuit board may include a planar support of a foldable material defining a base surface and wings coupled to the base surface along respective folding lines so that the wings, when folded along the folding lines, are erected with respect to the base surface and remain in that position. An auxiliary circuit is on the planar support and may include pairs of capacitive coupling plates defined on the wings and on the base surface, and electric communication lines coupled to corresponding ones of the pairs of capacitive coupling plates.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen mikroelektromechanischen Sensor zur Messung einer Kraft, eines Drucks oder dergleichen. Er umfasst ein Substrat mit einem Messelement, wobei das Messelement zumindest zwei elektrisch leitende Bereiche umfasst, wobei zumindest einer der elektrisch leitenden Bereiche mit dem Substrat zumindest teilweise verbunden ist, und zumindest einen Wechselbereich, wobei der Wechselbereich zumindest teilweise zwischen den elektrisch leitenden Bereichen angeordnet ist, wobei der Wechselbereich in einem unbelasteten Zustand im Wesentlichen elektrisch isolierend ausgebildet ist und im belasteten Zustand im Wesentlichen elektrisch leitend ausgebildet ist. Die Erfindung betrifft ebenfalls ein entsprechendes Verfahren sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren zur Herstellen eines mikroelektromechanischen Sensors.
Abstract:
Dispositif microélectromécanique comportant : un substrat (SS); une première couche (Ci) d'un matériau piézoélectrique, déposée sur une surface dudit substrat; une deuxième couche (C2) d'un matériau semiconducteur, déposée sur ladite première couche; au moins un élément suspendu (ES), formé par des prolongements desdites couches s'étendant au- delà d'un bord (B) dudit substrat; et un transistor à effet de champ (FET) intégré à ladite deuxième couche et à sa prolongement, ayant au moins un canal s'étendant au moins en partie à l'intérieur dudit élément suspendu, comportant des électrodes (D, S1 G) connectées à des pistes conductrices (PCD) s'étendant au-dessus de ladite deuxième couche et dont au moins une passe par-dessous ledit bord du substrat; caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux pistes conductrices connectées à deux électrodes respectives du transistor à effet de champ se chevauchent, sans contact électrique entre elles, de manière à former une structure d'interconnexion tridimensionnelle.
Abstract:
A micromachined or microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based push-to-pull mechanical transformer for tensile testing of micro-to-nanometer scale material samples including a first structure and a second structure. The second structure is coupled to the first structure by at least one flexible element that enables the second structure to be moveable relative to the first structure, wherein the second structure is disposed relative to the first structure so as to form a pulling gap between the first and second structures such that when an external pushing force is applied to and pushes the second structure in a tensile extension direction a width of the pulling gap increases so as to apply a tensile force to a test sample mounted across the pulling gap between a first sample mounting area on the first structure and a second sample mounting area on the second structure.
Abstract:
A micromachined or microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based push-to-pull mechanical transformer for tensile testing of micro-to-nanometer scale material samples including a first structure and a second structure. The second structure is coupled to the first structure by at least one flexible element that enables the second structure to be moveable relative to the first structure, wherein the second structure is disposed relative to the first structure so as to form a pulling gap between the first and second structures such that when an external pushing force is applied to and pushes the second structure in a tensile extension direction a width of the pulling gap increases so as to apply a tensile force to a test sample mounted across the pulling gap between a first sample mounting area on the first structure and a second sample mounting area on the second structure.
Abstract:
Es wird ein ferroisches Bauelement mit einer zwischen zwei Elektroden (12, 13) angeordneten ferroischen Schicht (10), mit einem Dünnschichtfeldeffekttransistor (4), dessen Gate-Elektrode (3) eine der beiden Elektroden (12, 13) der ferroischen Schicht (10) bildet, die mit der Gate-Elektrode (3) über eine Zwischenschicht (11) als Haftvermittler verbunden ist, und mit einem als Träger dienenden Substrat beschrieben. Um ein biegeweiches Bauelement zu erhalten, wird vorgeschlagen, daß auf dem als biegeweiche Kunststoffolie (1) ausgebildeten Substrat gegebenenfalls unter Zwischenlage einer Isolierschicht (2) einerseits der Dünnschichtfeldeffekttransistor (4) und anderseits die aus einem intern geladenen zellulären Polymer bestehende ferroische Schicht (10) aufgetragen sind.