Abstract:
The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a supporting membrane having a substrate and a porous supporting layer; and a separation functional layer provided on the supporting membrane, in which, when any 10 cross sections of the composite semipermeable membrane, having a length of 2.0 µm in a membrane surface direction, are observed using an electron microscope, an average number density of projections on the separation functional layer, which have a height equivalent to or higher than 1/5 of a 10-point average surface roughness of the separation functional layer, is 10.0 pieces/µm or more, in each cross section, and an average height of the projections is 100 nm or more.
Abstract:
A composite semipermeable membrane in which a polyamide separation functional layer is formed on a porous support membrane comprising a substrate and a porous support, wherein the standard deviation of the membrane thickness of the separation functional layer is 2.00 nm or less. A high-performing composite semipermeable membrane that has high water permeability and high chemical resistance is provided.
Abstract:
A separation membrane containing hydrophilic molecules and having, as formed on at least one surface of a feed side and a permeate side thereof, a height difference of from 80 µm to 2000 µm, in which a weight of the hydrophilic molecules in a bone-dry separation membrane is from 0.1 % to 40% based on a weight of the bone-dry separation membrane from which the weight of the hydrophilic molecules has been subtracted.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to (1) a laminate film where, on at least one face of a substrate layer (the A layer) selected from polyester film and aliphatic polyamide film, there is provided a polyamide layer (the C layer) in which the chief component is an aromatic polyamide of glass transition temperature at least 60 DEG C, as a layer to undergo vapour deposition, and the centre-line average roughness (Ra) of the face which is to undergo vapour deposition is in the range 0.005 to 0.03 mu m, or (2) a laminate film where, on at least one face a substrate layer (the A layer) selected from polyester film and aliphatic polyamide film, there is provided a polyamide layer (the C layer) in which the chief component is an aromatic polyamide of glass. transition temperature at least 60 DEG C, as a layer to undergo vapour deposition and, between the substrate A layer and the polyamide C layer, a layer (the B layer) comprising a single polymer or a plurality of polymers of SP value 10 to 15 is interposed between the substrate A layer and the polyamide C layer; and the invention offers film for vapour-deposition which is outstanding in its processability in vapour-deposition, and in its gas barrier properties.
Abstract:
A gas barrier film comprises a thermoplastic resin substrate and on the substrate a gas barrier coating, which coating comprises a water soluble or water dispersible high polymer and inorganic stratified particles. In one film, the surface of the gas barrier coating remote from the substrate has a roughness parameter Rt/Ra of 25 or less. In an alternative film, the gas barrier coating contains an amine compound represented by the following general formula: where R1 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a C1-6 alkyl or allyl or phenyl group; R2 stands for a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted alkyl or allyÜ group; and R3 stands for an optionally substituted alkyl or allyl group.
Abstract:
Provided is a composite semipermeable membrane having a high salt removal rate and a high water permeability. The composite semipermeable membrane comprises a substrate, a porous support layer formed on the substrate, and a separation functional layer formed on the porous support layer, the hydrophilic macromolecule concentration on the substrate-side surface of the porous support layer being higher than that on the separation functional layer-side surface.