Abstract:
An angle of attack sensor (10) is provided with ports (20, 21, 22, 23) for sensing flow angles in desired planes based upon differential pressure at the ports (20, 21 or 22, 23) when a reference axis of the sensor (10) changes relative to the flow stream. Impact pressure (qcm) is also measured, and the angle of attack is calculated by subtracting the pressures at the angle sensitive ports (20, 21 or 22, 23), and dividing by the measured impact pressure (qcm). At higher angles of attack, the denominator qcm approaches and passes through zero. It has been discovered that if the angle of attack ratio is inverted at some point when the denominator qcm approaches zero, the useable range of indication of angle of attack can be greatly extended.
Abstract:
In a two wire transmitter (10), a capacitive sensor (5) senses differential pressure and provides a differential pressure signal based on the differential pressure sensed. The differential pressure signal varies with variations in static pressure. A capacitive compensator (CL1, CL2) has a capacitive value substantially unaffected by variations in static pressure, and is coupled to the capacitive sensor (5) to compensate the differential pressure signal for variations due to variations in the static pressure.
Abstract:
A light input (26) energizes an optical transmitter (10) providing a light output to a waveguide (16) indicating a process variable. The transmitter (10) has a process variable sensor (21) generating a sensor output. An electrical circuit receives the sensor output and generates an electrical transmitter output indicating the process variable adjusted by a changeable parameter stored in the electrical circuit. The electrical circuit has an input (42, 44) energizing the circuit. An LED (58) converts the electrical transmitter output to the light output. A gallium arsenide photodiode (42, 44) converts a first portion of received light into electrical energy provided to the energization input (42, 44) and converts a second portion of the received light into an electrical output controlling the stored parameter.
Abstract:
A pressure transmitter (10) has a pressure transducer (12) in a transmitter housing (14). The transmitter housing (14) includes a groove or a notch (20) defining a flexure closely proximate a housing outer rim (24). The outer rim (24) receives a large clamping force from a flange (16) and is deflectable about the flexure for reducing transmission of axial and radial components of the clamping force from the housing outer rim (24) to the transducer (12), which forces can cause distortions to the pressure transducer (12). Unevenly distributed clamping forces caused by differential thermal expansion of the flange (16), bolts (26) and housing (14), are isolated from the transducer (12), thereby reducing measurement errors. Further, transmission of hysteretic radial forces from the transmitter housing (14) to the transducer (12) caused by friction when the flange (16) slides across the pressure transmitter housing (14), each having different thermal coefficients of expansion, is also reduced. Several types of pressure transducers (12) including capacitive cell transducers can be in the transmitter housing (14) for providing a pressure output indicative of line and differential pressure.
Abstract:
A central region (40) of an isolator diaphragm (30) used in a pressure transmitter, has a substantially flat shape at an undeflected position near room temperature and has a depressed shape at a deflected position at a colder temperature. The isolator diaphragm (30) is mounted over a shaped concavity (18) in a transmitter body (12) with a concave shape which corresponds to the depressed diaphragm shape to reduce output error.
Abstract:
A solid electrolyte for use in a reference electrochemical half cell (11), the electrolyte (18) comprising an insulative binder forming a matrix, a particulate salt dispersed within the binder and immobilized by the binder, and a hydrophilic polymer network disposed within the binder in an amount sufficient to effect ion diffusion within the electrolyte (18).
Abstract:
An inductive conductivity sensor (10) is immersed in a liquid to measure its conductivity. The sensor (10) comprises a transducer (18, 20, 22) for generating a changing magnetic field and for inductively measuring an electric current induced in the liquid by the changing magnetic field. The transducer (18, 20, 22) has an external surface facing the liquid. An elastic membrane (30) separates the external surface from the liquid. The elastic membrane (30) is periodically inflated and deflated to deform its outer shape and thereby remove deposits formed on the membrane (30).
Abstract:
A voltage-to-digital converter comprises a storage circuit (34) coupled to the voltage input signals for providing a storage capacitance with a plurality of selectable magnitudes. A charge accumulation circuit (36) for accumulating charge from the storage circuit (34) whereby the total charge accumulated is proportional to the integral of the amount of charge discharged from the storage circuit (34). A control circuit (38) is coupled to the balance out for providing feedback signals as functions of the balance output for periodically charging and discharging the storage capacitance. A calculation circuit (44) is coupled to the feedback circuit for counting the number of charged packets generated in a measurement cycle. An output circuit (28) is coupled to the calculation circuit (44) and provides an output indicative of the voltage input signals as a function of the number of packets counted.
Abstract:
A cable protector (40) comprises a cylindrical reel sleeve (41) having an opening (44) in a side wall (43), and an open bottom end. A cable (35), with first and second connectors, is helically wound around an axis (46) of the reel sleeve, the second connector (36) extends out through the bottom of the reel sleeve and is attached to a second circuit (20) board within a second housing (11). The first connector (37) is retained in the interior of the sleeve, to allow for the threading attachment of the second housing to a first housing (12) without damaging the cable. After attachment of the two housings, the first connector is passed out through the opening in the side wall and connected to a first circuit board (23) within the first housing. The helical winding of the cable permits the two housing to be repositioned rotationally after connection without causing cable twisting.
Abstract:
A solid state, thin film moisture sensing element (12) is disclosed. The sensing element (12) is fabricated by thin film deposition of at least a pair of two layer electrodes (32 and 34) on an insulating surface (27). The active surface of the element (12) is then coated with a layer of hygroscopic material (30) and placed in a diffusion limiting housing (14) to complete the sensing element assembly (10).