Abstract:
A process of hydrolyzing a monodentate, bidentate or tridentate phosphorus-based phosphite ester ligand or ligand blend for a transition metal catalyst comprising contacting the ligand or ligand blend with a hydrolysis catalyst of the formula (R 11 X 11 ) n P (OH) 3-n where n is 0, 1 or 2 wherein the ligand or ligand blend comprises one or more of (i) a bidentate biphosphite ligand of formula (III), (R 12 -X 12 ) (R 13 -X 13 ) P-X 14 -Y-X 24 -P (X 22 -R 22 ) (X 23 -R 23 ), (ii) a tridentate triphosphite ligand of formula (IIIΑ) (R 12 -X 12 ) (R 13 -X 13 ) Ρ-Χ 14 -Y-X 32 -P(X 34 -R 34 )-(X 33 -Y 2 -Κ 24 -P(X 23 -R 23 )-(X 22 -R 22 ) or (iii) a monodentate phosphite ligand of formula (IV) P(X 1 -R 1 )(X 2 -R 2 )(X 3 -R 3 ) where each X is oxygen or a bond and each Y is an optionally substituted C6-C20 arylene, followed by separation of the ligand hydrolysis products.
Abstract:
This document describes biochemical pathways for producing butadiene by forming two vinyl groups in a butadiene synthesis substrate. These pathways described herein rely on enzymes such as mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, isoprene synthase, and dehydratases for the final enzymatic step.
Abstract:
A method is provided for winding an elastic yarn into a cylindrical substantially straight-ended yarn package. The method includes feeding an elastic or elastomeric yarn at a substantially constant speed to a tube core to form the yarn package. The yarn package is rotated such that the yarn package with a substantially constant surface speed. The yarn is wound to form layers of helical coils, while providing a helix angle variation of greater than zero up to +/- 80%.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for hydrocyanating 3-pentene¬ nitrile. The process can include feeding 3-pentenenitrile and HCN to a hydrocyanation reaction zone that includes a Lewis acid promoter, nickel, and a phosphorus-containing ligand. In various embodiments, the process can also include controlling water concentration within the hydrocyanation reaction zone sufficient to maintain a high activity of the ligand catalyst complex while recycling at least a portion of the ligand catalyst complex.
Abstract:
A method for minimizing color growth in a polyether polyol product during storage and loading comprising the steps of providing a polyether polyol product to be stored and loaded for transport, wherein oxidation of the polyether polyol product would cause unwanted color growth and providing a system of storage and loading tanks and maintaining the storage and loading tanks below a set temperature to prevent oxidation of the polyether polyol product. Prior to filling the tanks with the polyether polyol product, substantially all of the air in the storage and loading tanks is replaced with an inert gas. After filling the tanks with the polyether polyol product, an anti-air intrusion system is provided to prevent additional air from entering the storage and loading tanks.