Abstract:
A fiber side-coupling apparatus can be spliced with active fiber as a fiber-based side-coupler in series at both sides for distributively-pumped monolithic fiber lasers. This side-coupling apparatus includes a large-mode-area double-clad passive optical fiber. A cladding grating, formed on the cladding surface of the passive fiber, comprises a plurality of grating members and a reflection layer formed thereon. A laser diode bar array is disposed on one side of the optical fiber opposite the cladding grating. A collimation device, placed between the optical fiber and the laser diode bar array, is used to collect the pump beam to the cladding grating as much as possible in fast axis and collimate the pump beam to be incident to the cladding grating in slow axis as normally as possible. The collimated pump beams emitted from a laser diode bar array are normally incident to the cladding grating within the alignment tolerance of ±2 to ±4 degrees. Without the reentrance loss effect, the pump beams diffracted and reflected by the cladding grating propagates in the inner cladding of the passive fiber due to total internal reflection. In one embodiment, the grating member can be a binary or blazed cross section.
Abstract:
A lower die (10) for a bending machine includes a support member (40) and a work member (60), manufactured separately. The support member defines a longitudinal groove (44) in an upper surface thereof, a pair of longitudinal V-shaped slots (48) in opposite side walls thereof, and a plurality of screw holes (42) in a bottom surface thereof. A pair of shoulders (46) is formed on opposite sides of the groove. The work member comprises a position portion (66) for being accommodated in the groove, a pair of projections (68, 70) for abutting against the shoulders, and an upper wedge-shaped groove (72) for shaping a workpiece. The lower die is secured on a die shoe (20 or 20′) by screws (12) which extend through the die shoe and engage with the screw holes, or by engagement of the V-shaped slots with V-shaped protrusions (29′) of the die shoe (20′).
Abstract:
A method includes providing an LED element including a substrate and a gallium nitride (GaN) layer disposed on the substrate. The GaN layer is treated. The treatment includes performing an ion implantation process on the GaN layer. The ion implantation process may provide a roughened surface region of the GaN layer. In an embodiment, the ion implantation process is performed at a temperature of less than approximately 25 degrees Celsius. In a further embodiment, the substrate is at a temperature less than approximately zero degrees Celsius during the ion implantation process.
Abstract:
A beam monitoring device, method, and system is disclosed. An exemplary beam monitoring device includes a one dimensional (1D) profiler. The 1D profiler includes a Faraday having an insulation material and a conductive material. The beam monitoring device further includes a two dimensional (2D) profiler. The 2D profiler includes a plurality of Faraday having an insulation material and a conductive material. The beam monitoring device further includes a control arm. The control arm is operable to facilitate movement of the beam monitoring device in a longitudinal direction and to facilitate rotation of the beam monitoring device about an axis.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprises a plasma flood gun for neutralizing a positive charge buildup on a semiconductor wafer during a process of ion implantation using an ion beam. The plasma flood gun comprises more than two arc chambers, wherein each arc chamber is configured to generate and release electrons into the ion beam in a respective zone adjacent to the semiconductor wafer.
Abstract:
A semiconductor furnace suitable for chemical vapor deposition processing of wafers. The furnace includes a thermal reaction chamber having a top, a bottom, a sidewall, and an internal cavity for removably holding a batch of vertically stacked wafers. A heating system is provided that includes a plurality of rotatable heaters arranged and operative to heat the chamber. In one embodiment, spacing between the sidewall heaters is adjustable. The heating system controls temperature variations within the chamber and promotes uniform film deposit thickness on the wafers.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides for various advantageous methods and apparatus of controlling electron emission. One of the broader forms of the present disclosure involves an electron emission element, comprising an electron emitter including an electron emission region disposed between a gate electrode and a cathode electrode. An anode is disposed above the electron emission region, and a voltage set is disposed above the anode. A first voltage applied between the gate electrode and the cathode electrode controls a quantity of electrons generated from the electron emission region. A second voltage applied to the anode extracts generated electrons. A third voltage applied to the voltage set controls a direction of electrons extracted through the anode.
Abstract:
An apparatus for monitoring an ion distribution of a wafer comprises a first sensor and a sensor. The first sensor, the second sensor and the wafer are placed in an effective range of a uniform ion implantation current profile. A controller determines the ion dose of each region of the wafer based upon the detected signal from the first sensor and the second sensor. In addition, the controller adjusts the scanning frequency of an ion beam or the movement speed of the wafer to achieve a uniform ion distribution on the wafer.
Abstract:
A method comprises pre-cooling a first semiconductor wafer outside of a process chamber, from a temperature at or above 15° C. to a temperature below 5° C. The pre-cooled first wafer is placed inside the process chamber after performing the pre-cooling step. A low-temperature ion implantation is performed on the first wafer after placing the first wafer.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprises a plasma flood gun for neutralizing a positive charge buildup on a semiconductor wafer during a process of ion implantation using an ion beam. The plasma flood gun comprises more than two arc chambers, wherein each arc chamber is configured to generate and release electrons into the ion beam in a respective zone adjacent to the semiconductor wafer.