Abstract:
A microprocessor-based apparatus is provided for determining oder levels in gas streams. The apparatus includes a mixing chamber (60) for mixing gas from a gas supply to be tested with air to form a gas-air mixture. The gas is received through a gas inlet port (50). Air is received through an intake port (48). The gas air mixture exits the mixing chamber via an outlet port (58). A motorized fan (94) is positioned in a conduit (76) connected to an outlet port of the mixing chamber for drawing the gas-air mixture out of the mixing chamber to a location where it can be sniffed by the user to detect oder. The apparatus also includes a microprocessor controller (100) and can be linked to a personal computer (108) to enable data to be exchanged between the personal computer and the apparatus.
Abstract:
Two pumping chambers operating in parallel flow channels are operated by pump pistons driven by cam followers 12 and 12ª which are reciprocated by rotation of cam 11 by shaft 13. The cam track has three 120° sectors 11aʹ + 11aʺ; 11bʹ + 11bʺ and 11cʹ + 11cʺ each consisting of a rising section 11aʹ which provides the delivery stroke of each of the pump pistons in turn and a falling section 11aʺ which provides the fill or suction stroke and is longer in the proportion of 65°/55°. Suction is thus maintained by one or other of the pump pistons throughout the operation of the pump.
Abstract:
A treatment system (10) includes a feed source (12), a first treatment unit (16) for separating a feed into a first product and a concentrated feed containing less than about 7% total dissolved solids, and a membrane distillation unit (18) for separating the concentrated feed into a second product and a superconcentrated feed containing at least about 14% total dissolved solids. The membrane distillation unit includes hollow fiber membranes (44) having inner bores for receiving the concentrated feed and membrane walls for allowing vapor transmission of distillate. A method includes delivering feed to a first treatment unit where it is separated into first product and concentrated feed streams; delivering the concentrated feed to internal bores of hollow fiber membranes where it is separated into second product and superconcentrated feed streams as vapor passes across the hollow fiber membranes; delivering the superconcentrated feed to a liquid removal unit; and collecting the first and second product streams.
Abstract:
A membrane distillation system (10) includes a membrane distillation module (16), a brine loop (12) and a distillate loop (14). The brine loop (12) and the distillate loop (14) each include means for regulating flow of brine solution and distillate, respectively, to the membrane distillation module (16). The flow of brine solution and distillate is regulated to prevent brine solution and distillate from penetrating membranes (20) of the membrane distillation module (16). A method of membrane distillation includes delivering brine solution and distillate to the membrane distillation module (16) at low pressures in a first mode. The method also includes heating the brine solution and cooling the distillate and delivering portions of each to the membrane distillation module (16) in a second mode. The portions of heated brine solution and cooled distillate are adjusted to facilitate membrane distillation while preventing liquid from penetrating membranes (20) of the membrane distillation module (16).
Abstract:
An optical system for a multidetector array spectrophotometer includes multiple light sources (10,12) for emitting light of selected wavelength ranges and means for selectively transmitting the selected wavelength ranges of light to respective slits (40,42) of a multi-slit spectrograph for multiple wavelength range detection. The spectrograph has two or more slits (40,42) which direct the selected wavelength ranges of the light spectra to fall upon a dispersive and focusing system which collects light from each slit, disperses the light by wavelength and refocuses the light at the positions of a single set of detectors (46).
Abstract:
An ultrasonic streaming current detector for developing, on a continuous basis, electrical signal which is a function of the charge condition existing in the stream containing charged particles therein, for thereby facilitating the determination of the dosage of flocculant to be added to a charge-influencing species filled stream, for thereby ultimately controlling flocculation of such streams, which is for example, very important in the paper making business. The present invention employes a reciprocating piston (42) which pumps or force feeds the sample stream within its interior, and by means of this reciprocating shear force against the sample stream, generating an electrical signal across electrodes (25, 27) dispositioned at either end of the pump stroke of the piston, thereby generating electrical signals through lead wires (30, 31) connected to a meter/recorder box (36), circuitry internal thereto converts said electric signal into a readable form which is representative of the average electrical charge of the suspended particles in said sample stream.
Abstract:
In a streaming current detector (H-13, 18-20, 22-24, 26) a standard calibration solution is used to calibrate the streaming current signal representing the charged condition in a sample fluid containing particles. The standard calibration solution is electrokinetically stable over a wide range of pH and concentration. Calibration allows direct comparison of readings from different streaming current detectors.
Abstract:
A beverage dispenser which can dispense carbonated beverages and/or uncarbonated beverages. The problem with beverage dispensers is the utilization of a number of pumps and motors which makes the system large. The invention employs a single integral cylinder with the chambers to receive pistons for the various liquids. The dispenser (10) includes a cylinder (12) having first (14) and second (16) chambers. A first piston (18) is in the first chamber (14). A rod (20) extends from the first piston (18) into the second chamber (16) and has a second piston (22). The retraction of the piston (18, 22) will draw liquids into the chambers (14, 16) and upon compression of the pistons (18, 22) the liquids will be directed into a mixing chamber (42) then into a drinking container (66).
Abstract:
A preloaded assembly (100) in accordance with the invention includes a stationary bushing (14) having an annulus (18); a shaft (12) having a first thermal coefficient of expansion with the shaft being mounted for rotation in the annulus of the stationary bushing; a first sleeve (102) which contacts the first shaft along a first portion (106) of an outside surface (104) of the shaft with the first sleeve having a second thermal coefficient of expansion; and a second sleeve (108) having a third thermal coefficient of expansion, an outer surface (22) facing the annulus of the stationary bushing and an annulus with a first axial section (114) of the annulus of the second sleeve containing a second portion (112) of the outside surface of the shaft adjacent the first portion and a second axial section (116) of the annulus of the second sleeve contacting an outside surface (118) of the first sleeve.
Abstract:
The current invention detects malfunctions in a variable flow delivery pump. These malfunctions prevent the pump from sustaining inherently high accuracy and/or cause damages to the pump. The invention detects the malfunctions without comparing sampled values to a preset absolute value. A malfunction is determined by a pattern of force measured by a current sensor (6) exerted on a displacement pump in relation to the displacement positions sensed by a signal generator (5). The pattern is compared to an empirically established range of pattern values by a computer (7). Once a malfunction is determined, the computer (7) responds by sounding an alarm (10) and suspending pump operation.