Abstract:
A cathode of a solid-oxide fuel cell includes a first ionic conducting layer, a second layer deposited over the first layer and formed from a mixed ionic and electronic conductor layer including an oxygen ion conducting phase, and a third layer deposited over the second layer and formed from a mixed ionic and electronic conductor layer. A sintering aid and pore formers are added to the second layer and the third layer to establish ionic, electronic, and gas diffusion paths that are contiguous. By adjusting the microstructure of the second and the third layer, a high performance low resistance cathode is formed that bonds well to the electrolyte, is highly electro-catalytic, and has a relatively low overall resistance. By using inexpensive and readily available substances as sintering aid and as pore formers, a low-cost cathode is provided.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to electrical contacts that comprise spaced electrically conductive particles embedded and bonded into the surface of conductors in which the particles have been kinetically sprayed onto the conductors with sufficient energy to form direct mechanical bonds between the particles and the conductors in a pre-selected location and particle number density that promotes high surface-to-surface contact and reduced contact resistance between the conductors.
Abstract:
An improved kinetic spray nozzle (34') system is disclosed in addition to improved methods for injection particle powders into a nozzle. Utilization of the nozzle (34') enables one to dramatically increase the deposition efficiency of a variety of particles using a kinetic spray process. The improved nozzle (34') includes a powder/gas conditioning chamber (80) that increases the particle residence time within the nozzle (34') thereby enabling one to achieve higher particle temperatures prior to their acceleration in the supersonic portion (54) of the kinetic spray nozzle (34').
Abstract:
A nozzle assembly (48) for a kinetic spray system includes a convergent portion (72) , a throat portion (82) , and a divergent portion (76) , each cooperating together to define a passage (66) therethrough for passing a mixture of powder particles (22) suspended in a flow of a high pressure heated gas. The nozzle assembly (48) further includes an extension portion (86) attached to the divergent portion (76) and extending to a distal end (88) a pre-determined length (L) from the divergent portion (76) of the nozzle assembly (48) . The extension portion (86) permits a dragging force exerted on the powder particles (22) by the flow of high pressure heated gas to act upon the powder particles (22) for a longer duration of time, thereby permitting the powder particles (22) to accelerate to a greater velocity than has been previously achievable.
Abstract:
An improved kinetic spray nozzle (34') system is disclosed in addition to improved methods for injection particle powders into a nozzle. Utilization of the nozzle (34') enables one to dramatically increase the deposition efficiency of a variety of particles using a kinetic spray process. The improved nozzle (34') includes a powder/gas conditioning chamber (80) that increases the particle residence time within the nozzle (34') thereby enabling one to achieve higher particle temperatures prior to their acceleration in the supersonic portion (54) of the kinetic spray nozzle (34').
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for direct application of a brazing flux material to a brazing surface. The method includes the step of applying a brazing filler material to a substrate utilizing a kinetic spray process to form a brazing surface. Following application of the brazing filler material to the substrate brazing flux material can be directly applied to the brazing surface as either a dry powder or a wet slurry. The nature of the brazing surface allows the applied flux material to adhere to the surface without the utilization of additional binders or resin materials.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for direct application of a brazing flux material to a brazing surface. The method includes the step of applying a brazing filler material to a substrate utilizing a kinetic spray process to form a brazing surface. Following application of the brazing filler material to the substrate brazing flux material can be directly applied to the brazing surface as either a dry powder or a wet slurry. The nature of the brazing surface allows the applied flux material to adhere to the surface without the utilization of additional binders or resin materials.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to electrical contacts that comprise spaced electrically conductive particles embedded and bonded into the surface of conductors in which the particles have been kinetically sprayed onto the conductors with sufficient energy to form direct mechanical bonds between the particles and the conductors in a pre-selected location and particle number density that promotes high surface-to-surface contact and reduced contact resistance between the conductors.