Abstract:
A switching circuit for switching an output (CKS) to one of a plurality of N input clock signals (CK1-CKN) which are delayed relative to one another comprises circuit means (31-316, 7) responding to a control (CNT) in order to enable the transmission, on the output signal (CKS), of a new signal (CK(i-1); CKi) of the plurality of input signals which is advanced or delayed relative to a current signal (CKi; CK(i-1)) of the plurality of input signals which is currently transmitted on the output signal (CKS), the circuit means (31-316, 7) enabling the transmission of the new signal (CK(i-1); CKi) before disabling the transmission of the current signal (CKi; CK(i-1)) on the output signal (CKS) so as to prevent the production of false signals during the switching of the output signal from one of the clock signals to another.
Abstract:
The buffer comprises means (20) for reducing the slope of the input signal (Vin) and a negative feedback circuit (22) which generates a regulating signal dependent on the variation of the output signal (Vout) and applies the regulating signal (If) to the input of the buffer. A precise regulation of the slope, independent of variations in the production process and of environmental conditions, is achieved.
Abstract:
A first NPN transistor (Q 1 ) is connected in the emitter follower configuration with a first PNP transistor (Q 2 ) as the load element. A second NPN transistor (Q 3 ), in series with a second PNP transistor (Q 4 ) connected in diode mode and a current generator (Go), has its base connected to the base of the first NPN transistor (Q1), which is also the input terminal (IN) of the circuit. The base of the first PNP transistor (Q 2 ) is connected to the connection node (N) between the second PNP transistor (Q 4 ) and the current generator (Go). The circuit behaves as an excellent voltage follower with any type of load and requires a negligible use of area when it is formed as part of an integrated circuit.
Abstract:
An operational amplifier comprises a first stage (2) and a second stage (3) with an input connected to an output (V oi ) of the first stage (2) and an output (Out) connectible to a load (RL), the second stage (3) comprising, between its input and its output, a first signal path (M 5 ) for driving the load (RL) in a first direction, and a second signal path (M 8 , M 3 , M 1 , M 2 , M 4 ) for driving the load (RL) in the opposite direction. The first and second signal paths have substantially equal gains for small signals, substantially equal output impedances for small and large signals, and substantially equal output-current capabilities.